Population and Demographics

Infant mortality

Number of infants per 1000 live births that do not survive the first year of life

Life expectancy

Average number of years an individual can expect to live

Growth rate

Change in size of a population over a specific period

Industrial revolution

Introduction of machinery powered by fossil fuels, shift from rural to urban society

Demography

Study of human populations

Total fertility rate

Average number of children a female member of a population gives birth to during her lifetime

Replacement fertility

Birth rate at which a nation's population size stays the same

Demographic transition

Model explaining the change from high birth and death rates to low rates

Wealth gap

Difference in assets and income between individuals in a society or between nations

Quality of life

Refers to how well an individual lives