World Civ Final: Theme 3

1619

the first Africans were brought to Virginia as slaves

Segregation

separating people based on race, often by law, especially in public places like schools, buses, and restaurants

Stono Rebellion

the 1739 slave revolt in South Carolina; led by enslaved Africans; resulted in harsher slave laws

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

the 1831 Virginia slave uprising; led by Nat Turner; caused fear and stricter slave codes

Abolition

Movement to end slavery in the U.S.; led by activists like Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth

Middle Passage/Transatlantic Slave Trade

The process of bringing Africans from Africa to the Caribbeans

Emancipation Proclamation

1863 order by Abraham Lincoln; freed slaves in Confederate states; shifted Civil War focus to ending slavery

HBCU

Historically Black Colleges and Universities; founded to educate African Americans after slavery

Freedmen's Bureau

1865 federal agency; that helped formerly enslaved people with education, jobs, and legal support during Reconstruction

13th, 14th, 15th Amendment

13th - slavery is abolished, 14th - gave citizenship to all people born in the US, 15th - have African American men the right to vote

Black Codes

laws passed after the Civil War; that restricted the rights of freed African Americans in the South

Sharecropping

a system where farmers (often former slaves) worked land owned by someone else in return for a share of the crops

KKK

hate group formed after the Civil War that used violence and terror to oppose civil rights for Black Americans and other minorities

Juneteenth

a holiday on June 19th that celebrates the end of slavery in the U.S., marking the day in 1865 when enslaved people in Texas learned they were free

Jim Crow

state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the South from the late 1800s to 1960s

Plessy v. Ferguson

a Supreme Court case that allowed racial segregation by approving the idea of "separate but equal" facilities

Brown v. Board

1954 Supreme Court case; ended school segregation; declared “separate but equal” unconstitutional.

Harlem Renaissance

1920s cultural movement; celebrated Black art, music, and literature in Harlem, New York.

Lynching

illegal mob killings, often by hanging; used to terrorize Black Americans, especially in the South.

Apologist

someone who defends or supports an idea, belief, or person, often in the face of criticism