APES Agricultural Unit (Unit 5) Exam Review The exam will consist of about 45–50 multiple-choice questions only. (there will be questions from the 1s

Biomagnification

The increase in a toxin's concentration as it moves up through a food chain.

Bioaccumulation

The accumulation of a toxin in the tissues of a single organism over time.

Ecological footprint

A measure of human impact on the environment, indicating sustainability and resource quality.

Tragedy of the Commons

A situation in which individuals overuse a shared resource, leading to its depletion.

Clearcutting

A logging practice that involves removing all trees from an area.

Albedo

The measure of how much light that hits a surface is reflected without being absorbed.

Turbidity

The cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large numbers of individual particles.

Green Revolution

A period characterized by the transition from small-scale, human labor farming to large-scale, mechanized farming.

Cultural Eutrophication

The accelerated growth of algae in water bodies due to nutrient runoff from fertilizers.

Pesticide treadmill

A cycle where farmers continuously increase pesticide use due to pest resistance.

Integrated Pest Management

A pest control strategy that combines physical, biological, and chemical methods.

Aquaculture

The farming of fish, shellfish, and other aquatic organisms for profit.

Sustainability

The ability to maintain natural resources for future generations.

Drip irrigation

An effective irrigation method that delivers water directly to the roots of plants.

Urbanization

The transition from rural agricultural jobs to employment in high-density urban areas.

Overfishing

The depletion of fish stocks due to excessive fishing practices.

Subsurface mining

An expensive mining method used to extract minerals that are hard to access.

Selective tree cutting

A forestry practice that involves removing specific trees while preserving others.

Irrigation salinization

The accumulation of salts in the soil due to excessive irrigation.

Nonpersistent pesticides

Water-soluble pesticides that break down more easily in the environment.

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)

Crops that have been genetically altered to enhance desired traits.

Acid Rain

Precipitation that has a lower pH than normal, often due to air pollution.

Habitat Fragmentation

The process in which larger habitats are divided into smaller, isolated sections.

Greenhouse Gases

Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to global warming.

Renewable Resources

Resources that can be replenished naturally over time.

Carbon Footprint

The total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by an individual or organization.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Waste Management

The processes involved in managing waste materials, including collection, transport, treatment, and disposal.

Nutrient Cycling

The movement and exchange of organic and inorganic matter back into the production of living matter.

Deforestation

The large-scale removal of trees from forested areas.

Ecosystem Services

The benefits that humans derive from natural ecosystems.

Carbon Sequestration

The process of capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate climate change.

Ecosystem Resilience

The ability of an ecosystem to recover from disturbances and return to its original state.

Sustainable Agriculture

Farming practices that are designed to maintain the health of the land and reduce environmental impact.

Food Chain

A linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another.

Pollination

The transfer of pollen from the male part of a flower to the female part, enabling fertilization.

Ocean Acidification

The decrease in pH levels of the ocean caused by the absorption of excess atmospheric CO2.

Biofuel

Fuel derived from organic matter, such as plant materials and animal waste.

Urban Heat Island Effect

The phenomenon where urban areas experience higher temperatures than their rural surroundings.

Water Scarcity

The lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water usage within a region.

Climate Change Mitigation

Actions taken to reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases.