UNIT 4 Pt.2: Young America

Flashcards based on lecture notes about US History.

What was the Joint Occupation of Oregon Territory?

An agreement for the US and Canada to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory.

What caused General Jackson's campaign into Florida?

Raiders would attack due to Spanish troops being away, leading General Jackson to lead an aggressive campaign into Florida.

What was the core message of the Monroe Doctrine?

The US made a statement that the Americas shall not be further colonized and that messing with them is messing with the US.

What was the European reaction to the Monroe Doctrine?

Monarchs were angry but Britain still supported the US.

What characterized the Market Revolution in the 1800s?

Rural farmers became factory workers and commerce increased during this time.

How did the Northwest region develop during the Market Revolution?

The northwest saw development and became tied through militancy and canals; it became the breadbowl of the US with corn and wheat.

What is an example of a road innovation during the Market Revolution?

Lancaster Turnpike

What is an example of a canal innovation during the Market Revolution?

Erie Canal

Why were internal improvements blocked despite being needed?

States' rights advocates blocked federal spending on internal improvements.

What law did NY pass in 1811 to encourage investment?

In 1811, NY passed a law allowing shares of stock to be sold, meaning investors only risked what they invested.

What was the Lowell System?

A textile mill system in MA that hired young women with long hours.

What challenges did artisans face during the Market Revolution?

Artisans couldn't compete with factories and were forced to seek employment; increased hours, decreased pay, and dangerous conditions led to discontent.

What obstacles did unions face?

Immigrant replacement workers, Outlawing of unions, and economic depressions with high unemployment

What factors contributed to the shift from subsistence farming to commercial farming?

Cheap western land, banks giving farmers low-interest loans, and canals/railroads making trade possible with the East.

What invention made cotton the dominant crop of the era?

The cotton gin

What depended on southern cotton?

Textile production in the North.

How did modern capitalism impact self-sufficiency?

It led to the end of self-sufficiency and growing interdependence

What workforce fields related to women grew in cities?

Domestic service or teaching.

What was the cult of Domesticity?

Higher-class women stayed at home.

What caused immigration between 1820-1850?

Faster ocean transport, famines and revolutions in Europe, and the US's reputation as a land of freedom.

What characterized urbanization during this time?

Slums expanded with disease, crime, and crowding.

How did the Quality of Life change due to organized labor?

Goods cheapened, improving the Quality of Life

How did workers try to protect themselves?

Workers formed political parties and unions to protect their interests.

What was the result of the 1842 Commonwealth vs. Hunt case?

Peaceful unions had the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers.

What were the limitations of equality during the Jacksonian Democracy?

Equality only among the white majority, as they shared a belief in equality for white males.

How did voting rights change in the new Western states?

New Western states allowed universal suffrage for white males, with no religious or property requirements.

How did the selection process for political candidates change?

Candidates for office were now selected by voters rather than legislatures.

What were major changes to politics in the US?

Election of president electors and elected offices popular campaigning

Spoils System

done by Andrew Jackson for party loyalty.

What was Jackson's philosophy regarding government service?

Jackson believed in rotation in office, letting a maximum number of citizens serve in government through a one-term limit.

marked an end to the Era of Good Feelings.

The Election of 1824.

Who was chosen as president by Congress after Jackson didn't win the majority of votes?

John Quincy Adams.

What made Jackson unique from past presidents?

He went from log cabin to manor, was a war hero, and had rough manners including chewing tobacco.

What characterized Jackson's Presidency?

He was a frugal Jeffersonian, opposed spending & debt, and vetoed more bills than everyone before him combined.

What was the purpose of the Indian Removal Act?

Forced resettlement of thousands of Natives.

How did Jackson respond to the Supreme Court decisions regarding the Cherokee?

Jackson ultimately sided with states.

What caused the Nullification Crisis?

Southerners were furious at the 1828 tariff (of abominations!)

How did Jackson respond to South Carolina's attempt to nullify federal tariffs?

While Jackson supported states' rights, he was against disunion; he prepared the military and passed the Force Bill to act against South Carolina's nullification attempts.