Laboratory Diagnosis of Herpetic Infections and Human Papillomaviridae

Flashcards covering the laboratory diagnosis of herpetic infections and infections caused by Human Papillomaviridae, including virus characteristics, associated diseases, and diagnostic methods.

Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1)

Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily; causes oral herpes, herpes keratitis, herpes gladiatorum, congenital defects, and genital herpes.

Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2)

Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily; causes genital herpes and congenital defects.

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily; causes varicella (chickenpox), herpes zoster (shingles), herpes zoster ophthalmicus, and postherpetic neuralgia.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Betaherpesvirinae subfamily; causes mononucleosis, hepatitis, congenital infections, retinitis, and disseminated infections.

Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

Betaherpesvirinae subfamily; causes exanthem subitum, childhood febrile seizures, and encephalitis.

Human Herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)

Betaherpesvirinae subfamily; causes exanthem subitum, childhood febrile seizures, and encephalitis.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Gamma herpesviruses; causes infectious mononucleosis, hepatitis, encephalitis, lymphoproliferative syndromes, and oral hairy leukoplakia.

Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)

Gamma herpesviruses; causes febrile exanthema, Kaposi sarcoma, Castleman disease, and primary effusion lymphoma.

Herpes Simplex Viruses (HSV-1 and HSV-2)

Enveloped DNA viruses causing oral herpes (HSV-1), genital herpes (HSV-2), asymptomatic infections, neonatal herpes, encephalitis, and ocular herpes.

Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)

Enveloped DNA virus causing varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles); diagnosis involves fluid, cells, crust from lesions, CSF, vitreous/aqueous humor, corneal scraping, and blood.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

Enveloped DNA virus causing infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt lymphoma, lymphoproliferative disease, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and central nervous system lymphoma; specimens include CSF and blood.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Enveloped DNA virus causing asymptomatic infections, congenital infections, mononucleosis-like syndrome, pneumonia, retinitis, and systemic disease in immunosuppressed patients; specimens include respiratory secretions, tissue specimens, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid.

Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)

Enveloped DNA virus causing roseola infantum, exanthem subitum, and sixth disease; specimens include saliva and plasma.

Human Herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)

Enveloped DNA virus causing asymptomatic infections and roseola; specimens include saliva and plasma.

Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)

Enveloped DNA virus associated with Kaposi Sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and Multicentric Castleman’s disease; specimens include tissue, blood, and saliva.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Small non-enveloped DNA viruses; over 100 types, 40 of which are sexually transmitted; cause common warts and are linked to cancer; specimens include scrapping from the cervix, cervical and vaginal cell samples, and fresh biopsy samples.