Humanities changing nations

Define urban

 Relating to a town or city

Define rural

 relating to the countryside

Define urbanisation

the increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas

Define megacity

 a city with a population of more than 10 million people

Define urban sprawl

the growth of a city onto undeveloped land or productive farmland on the city fringes

Define population density

 the number of people living in a specific area, calculated by dividing the total number of people by the size of the land area

Define migration

the movement of people from one place to another, either within a country, region or internationally

Define refugee

a person who has been forced to flee their country because of persecution, war or violence, and whose claim has been processed and approved 

Define international migration

 the movement of people from one country to another country

Define internal migration

The movement of people within a country

Define decentralisation

the process of encouraging population growth and job creation in suburbs and smaller regional towns or cities, rather than central areas of major cities

Define suburbanisation

 the process of making land on the outskirts of cities available for new suburbs to be built

Define urban renewal

The process of making a poor or old industrialised area of a city attractive for people to live and work again by building new houses, offices, businesses and schools etc.

Describe three advantages of living in an urban environment (include one economic, one social and one environmental)

Eco: based on manufacturing and services, which is more profitable than agriculture.
Soc: offer greater access to education and community services, which provide people with more opportunities on a daily basis
Env: have detrimental effects on the environment, including the levels of waste, air and noise pollution

Explain two reasons why cities are getting bigger.

Natural population growth (residents having children) and rural to urban migration (people moving for better opportunities)

Outline three Push factors that influence migration

war conflict, unemployment and lack of essential services

Outline three Pull factors

Better work opportunities, healthcare and family

Referring to a specific group of international migrants, explain how one push factor and one pull factor would have shaped their decision to migrate

Push: War with Russia is forcing Ukrainians to flee to European countries like Poland, Germany, and the UK
Pull: Australia is globally recognised, high-quality schools and universities

Explain why people in Australia move from one state to another state (internal migration).

Australians move interstate for jobs (like Western Australia's mining sector), warmer weather (like retirees moving to Queensland), or to be closer to family.

state one advantage and disadvantage of decentralisation

Boosts regional economies and jobs but increases local property prices and living costs due to higher demand

state one advantage and disadvantage of urban renewal

Replaces degraded areas with green space but has limited area

state one advantage and disadvantage of suburbanisation

Has cleaner and a quieter environment but can be hard to provide new infrastructure to service new suburbs

Explain why it is important to plan for future population growth

Ensures long-term liveability by securing affordable housing, jobs, infrastructure, and environmental sustainability