Life Science Summative 3 Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key concepts from the Life Science Summative 3 Review, including DNA structure, protein synthesis, and mutations.

DNA

Contains the instructions in our body that is necessary to make proteins, which affect many different processes and functions.

Location of DNA

The nucleus.

DNA Structure

Double stranded twisted helix.

DNA Nucleotide Components

Phosphates, sugar, and nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine).

DNA Bases

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

RNA Bases

Adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.

Transcription

DNA codes for a single strand of RNA in the nucleus.

Translation

RNA enters ribosome and codes for amino acids.

Proteins

Made of chains of folded amino acids and aid in the creation of our body function & processes.

Mutation

A change to the genetic code (DNA or RNA).

Types of Mutations

Substitution, Deletion, and Insertion.

Effect of Mutations

A mutation can result in a different amino acid being produced or not produced, leading to a change in the protein.

Mutation Effects

Mutations can be harmful (sickle cell anemia), beneficial (resistance to malaria), or neutral.