CA100 Midterm: UW Madison

Positive Nervousness

Controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for their presentation

Six Methods of controlling nervousness

1. Acquire speaking experience

2. Prepare, prepare, prepare

3. Think positively

4. Use the power of visualization

5. Know nervousness is not visible

6. Don't expect perfection

Seven Elements of Speech Communication Process

1. Speaker

2. Message

3. Channel

4. Listener

5.Feedback

6. Interference

7. Situation

Guidelines for ethical speechmaking

1. Goals should be ethically sound

2. Be fully prepared for each speech

3. Be honest in what you say

4. Avoid abusive language

5. Put ethical principles into practice

Guidelines for ethical listening

1. Be courteous and attentive

2. Avoid prejudging the speaker

3. Maintain the free and open expression of ideas

Four causes of poor listening

1. Not concentrating

2. Listening too hard

3. Jumping to Conclusions

4. Focusing on delivery and personal appearance

Seven ways to become a better listener

1. Take listening seriously

2. Be an active listener

3. Resist Distractions

4. Don't be diverted by appearance or delivery

5. Suspend judgment

6. Focus your listening

7. Develop note taking skills

Methods of finding a speech topic

1. Topics you know a lot about

2. Take a personal inventory

3. Use clustering

4. Internet search

General purpose statement

The broad goal of a speech

ex: To persuade, to inform, to introduce

Specific purpose statement

A single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in his or her speech.

Central Idea

A one-sentence statement that sums up major ideas of a speech.

Five tips for formulating specific purpose statements

1. Write it as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment

2. Express it as a statement, not as a question

3. Avoid figurative language

4. Limit speech to one distinct idea

5. Make sure it is not too vague or general

Questions to ask about specific purpose statements

1. Does my purpose meet the assignment?

2. Can I accomplish my purpose in the time allotted?

3. Is the purpose relevant to my audience?

4. Is the purpose too trivial for my audience?

5. Is the purpose too technical for my audience?

Four guidelines of effective central ideas

1. Expressed in a full sentence

2. Not be in the form of a question

3. Avoid figurative language

4. Not vague or over general

Four Kinds of Informative Speeches

1. Objects

2. Processes

3. Events

4. Concepts

Six guidelines for informative speaking

1. Don't overestimate what the audience knows

2. Relate the subject directly to the audience

3. Don't be too technical

4. Avoid abstractions

5. Personalize your ideas

6. Be creative

Five methods of organizing main points

1. Chronological order

2. Spatial order

3. Causal order

4. Problem-Solution order

5. Topical order

Guidelines for organizing main points

1. Keep main points separate

2. Use the same pattern of wording for main points

3. Balance the amount of time devoted to main points

Four kinds of Speech Connectives

1. Transitions: Word/phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving to the next

2. Internal previews: Statement in the body of the speech letting audience know what will be discussed next

3. Internal summary: Statement in body of the speech that summarizes previous points

4. Signposts: Brief statement indicating where speaker is in speech/focuses attention on key ideas

Four Objectives of speech intro

1. Get the attention of audience

2. Reveal the topic of your speech

3. Establish your credibility and goodwill

4. Preview the body of your speech

Eight methods to gain audience attention

1. Relate topic to your audience

2. State the importance of your topic

3. Startle the audience

4. Arouse the curiosity of the audience

5. Question the audience

6. Begin with a quotation

7. Tell a story

8. Use a visual aid

Two major functions of conclusion

1. Let the audience know you are ending the speech

2. Reinforce the audience's understanding of/commitment to central idea

Methods for signaling end of speech

1. Crescendo ending: Speech builds to height of power/intensity

2. Dissolve ending: Conclusion creates emotional appeal by fading to dramatic final statement

Methods for reinforcing central idea in conclusion

1. Summarize your speech

2. End with a quotation

3. Make a dramatic statement

4. Refer to the introduction

Difference between preparation outline and speaking outline

Preparation Outline: Detailed outline created during process of speech preparation

Speaking Outline: Condensed version of prep outline, involves cues for delivery

Guidelines for prep outline

-State the specific purpose of your speech

-Identify the central idea

-Label the introduction, body, conclusion

-Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation

-State main points and subpoints in full sentences

-Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews

-Attach a bibliography

-Give your speech a title

Kinds of visual aids

1. objects and models

2. photographs and drawings

3. graphs

4. charts

5. video

6. the speaker

Guidelines for preparing visual aids

-Prepare visual aids well in advance

-Keep visual aids simple

-Make sure visual aids are large enough

-Use a limited amount of text

-Use fonts effectively

-Use color effectively

-Use images strategically

Four methods of delivering a speech

1. Reading from a manuscript

2. Reciting from memory

3. Speaking impromptu

4. Speaking extemporaneously

Eight aspects of voice usage

1. Volume

2. Pitch

3. Rate

4. Pauses

5. Vocal Variety

6. Pronunciation

7. Articulation

8. Dialect

Four Important aspects of nonverbal communication

1. Personal appearance

2. Movement

3. Gestures

4. Eye Contact

5-Steps to practice speech delivery

1. Go through prep outline aloud

2. Prepare your speaking outline

3. Practice speech aloud several times using only the speaking outline

4. Polish and refine delivery

5. Give your speech a dress rehearsal under conditions close to what you see in class.

Guidelines for presenting visual aids

-Display visual aids where audience can see

-Avoid passing aid among audience

-Display visual aids only when discussing them

-Explain visual aids clearly/concisely

-Talk to audience, not aid

-Practice speech with visual aid

-Check room and equipment

Four tips for taking efficient research notes

1. Take plenty of notes

2. Record notes in a consistent format

3. Make separate entry for each note

4. Distinguish what are direct quotes, paraphrases, and your own ideas

3 Types of Plagiarism

1. Global Plagiarism: Stealing an entire speech from one source and passing it off as one’s own

2. Patchwork Plagiarism: Stealing ideas/language from 2+ sources and passing it off as one’s own

3. Incremental Plagiarism: Failing to credit for certain parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people