Religious Wars Hampton MME quiz

Peace of Augsburg

a region’s ruler determines the religion of the land

what are french protestants?

known as huguenots, they were calvinist

by 1560 how much of the french nobility did the huguenots make up, and what did they want to do?

40% of the french nobility embraced calvinism, nobility wanted to rebel to gain political power

Affair of the Placards

protestants plastered paris with anti catholic flyers, mass arrests, pushed john calvin into exile

edict of fontainbleu

subjects french protestants to the inquisition

how did catherine de medici rise to power

catholic french king dies, son inherits throne then dies, then the widow catherine de medici acted as queen regent until younger sons old enough to rule

who was catherine de medici

At first she sought an alliance with protestant huguenots, which made up 2/5ths of nobles. She then signs the january edict in 1562

january edict

catherine de medici initially grants protestants freedom to worship publicly and privately

how long did the religious wars last

1562-1598

what were the 3 powerful families (and what was their religions) fighting for control of france?

bourbons (huguenots), montmonery-chatillons (huguenots), guises (extreme catholics)

what did the duke of guise do?

called Henry I, massacred protestant worshippers in 1562 in champagne,

what indicated the start of the religious wars?

when the duke of guise massacred protestants in 1562 in champagne. Catherine’s fear of the guise family influences her decision to change alliances

What is the St. Bartholomew’s day massacre

1572, 20k huguenots slaughtered across france, catherine and guises planned it along with assasination of protestant military leader

who was Henry III?

son of henry II and catherine, inherited french throne and civil war, he was catholic

the peace of bealieu

henry III granted huguenots almost complete religious freedom

what happens one year after henry III does the peace of bealieu?

henry III dissolves it under pressure from the catholic league

who was henry of navarre?

huguenot from bourbon family, protestant leader and a legal alternative heir to the throne, married catherine’s daughter in 1572

what happened in the war of the henry’s

henry III created an alliance with henry of navarre against the guises and the catholic league, henry III then killed by a priest, Henry of navarre then takes over french throne

what did henry of navarre (now henry the 4th) do as king? (full of drama)

in 1593 Henry IV converted to catholicism, and had many illegitimate children

edict of nantes

huguenots gained freedom to worship, right of assembly, admission to public universities, permission to maintain fortified towns

describe the bohemian phase of the 30 years’ war

the czechs, called bohemians along with the slovaks were calvinist, they kicked out ferdinand II from being king as he was anti protestant, and they rebelled, naming a new king but ferdinand V borrowed a bavarian army and defeated them

what is the defenestration of prague that took place during the bohemian phase of the 30 year’s war?

Ferdinand II kicked out, bohemia named a new king, frederick V, but Ferdinand II becomes new holy roman emperor

describe the danish phase of the 30 year’s war

ferdinand II defeated northern HRE protestants with albrecht von wallenstein for the army, and then the edict of restitution happened

edict of restitution

restored catholic lands lost, deprived all protestants except lutherans of religious and political rights, germans pressure ferdinand to fire wallenstein

describe the swedish phase of the 30 year’s war

france and sweden get involved to stop hapsburg power, swedes invade while france supports, german princes still afraid of ferdinand so wallenstein assasinated, and peace of prague revokes edict of restitution

why did france and sweden invade in the swedish phase of the 30 year’s war?

france pursued national interest rather than religious, they wanted to weaken the hapsburgs, get prestige, and keep germanic states divided

how did it go initially for the swedes invasion in the swedish phase of the 30 year’s war?

gustavus adolphus, a swedish king invaded HRE, ferdinand II brought back to wallenstein, swedish advance stopped, adolphus killed

what happened in the french phase of the 30 year’s war?

france attacks, sweden supports, most destructive phase

what were some negative side effects from the french phase of the 30 year’s war

german towns destroyed, agriculture collapsed resulting in a famine, massive inflation, 1/3rd of the population died, trade crippled throughout europe