MAJOR HUMAN AP 2 FINAL

If a person's right visual cortex is damaged, the injury will most likely affect vision from the

nasal side of one eye and the temporal side of the other eye.

Visual sensations from images focused on the side of the retina are blurred because

there are more rods than cones in this region.

Special senses arise from receptors located

primarily in the head.

A person who is colorblind lacks

one type of photopigment.

If you were a physician evaluating a young person who has conductive deafness, which of the following would you consider in your differential diagnosis?

A torn tympanic membrane.

ADH and oxytocin are secreted by

neurosecretory cells.

Treatment of type 2 diabetes usually includes

ALL OF THE ABOVE:

-maintaining desirable body weight.

-drugs.

-restricting dietary carbohydrates to those high in fiber.

-exercising regularly

The hormone that the pineal gland secretes is

melatonin.

Exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands in that exocrine glands

secrete through ducts or tubes to the body's exterior.

Pheromones differ from hormones in that

they are transmitted between members of the same species.

As a platelet plug forms, platelets release

serotonin.

A pulmonary embolism is most likely caused by a clot reaching

a lung through a pulmonary artery.

Thrombocytopenia is due to a deficiency of

platelets.

Transfusions to the fetus and neonate with Rh-negative blood are to

prevent brain damage.

Which of the following drinks reduces the amount of iron absorbed from food?

Tea

Which of the following layers of the heart and their functions are correctly matched?

Myocardium-muscular contractions that force blood out of the heart

In an ECG pattern, the PQ interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the

SA node through the AV node.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves from the vena cava to the lungs?

Right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve

Which of the following is true about the heart?

The apex end points downward at about the 5th intercostal space.

The celiac artery provides blood to the

liver and spleen.

1 / 1 pts

Henry has a cut on his thigh that becomes infected. The lymph nodes in his __________ enlarge.

inguinal region

Aging of the lymphatic system begins

before birth.

A lymph node consists of

ALL OF THE ABOVE

-compartments that contain masses of lymphocytes and macrophages.

-efferent vessels circulating lymph out of the node at its hilum.

-afferent vessels circulating lymph into the node on its convex surface.

-lymph nodules.

In HIV infection, reverse transcriptase

makes DNA from viral RNA.

An immune response that is slower but more specific for the pathogen is the

adaptive defense.

Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract

from the pharynx to the anus.

An extracorporeal liver assist device is very similar to

kidney dialysis.

The root canal of a tooth contains

blood vessels and nerves.

The tissues turning yellow (jaundice) is due to the accumulation of

bile pigments.

The bile ducts of the liver unite to form the

hepatic ducts.

The pitch of a vocal sound is controlled by changing the

tension on the vocal cord.

In October 2001 at the site of the World Trade Center in New York City, fires were still burning from the terrorist attacks that had brought down the buildings. The greatest danger to the respiratory system was

very small particles of debris.

Which of these laryngeal cartilages is single?

Cricoid

The respiratory areas are in the

pons and medulla oblongata.

The events of respiration are

ventilation, external and internal respiration, and cellular respiration.

The first capillary bed associated with the nephron

filters.

The layers of a ureter are

outer fibrous coat, middle muscular coat, inner mucous coat.

An increase in urine volume is termed

diuresis.

After work Linda relaxes by drinking two beers, and soon has to urinate. The alcohol is a diuretic because it

inhibits ADH secretion.

A product of the metabolism of certain nucleic acid bases is

uric acid.

ADH level in nephrons regulates water output by causing the _____.

distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to reabsorb more or less water

The sequence of symptoms of heatstroke is

headache, dizziness, exhaustion, then sweating, which stops as the skin becomes red, hot, and dry. Then breathing rate increases, pulse races, and neurological symptoms begin. Kidney failure and/or heart arrhythmia can be fatal.

The buffer system in blood is formed by

hemoglobin binding hydrogen ions in red blood cells.

The primary stimulus for the secretion of aldosterone is

rising potassium concentration.

Which of the following body compartments is correctly matched with its location in the body?

extracellular-fluid in tissue spaces, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels

Sperm cells are stored primarily in the

epididymides

Oral contraceptives may cause

ALL OF THE ABOVE

-nausea.

-breast tenderness.

-fluid retention.

-increased skin pigmentation

A cause of female infertility is failure of ovulation due to hyposecretion of hormones from the

anterior pituitary gland.

The epididymis is a _____ and it _____.

tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; stores immature sperm

Which of the following provides mechanical contraception?

a diaphragm.

The implantation of the blastocyst results from

enzymes digesting the endometrium around the blastocyst.

Which of the following is (are) true in regard to the fetal stage of development?

ALL OF THE ABOVE

-It comes after the embryonic period.

-It begins 8 weeks after fertilization.

-The head is disproportionately large compared to the rest of the body at the beginning of the stage.

-The organ systems are mostly formed, although immature.

The major body parts derived from mesoderm are the

muscle tissue, bone tissue, and bone marrow

Passive aging is

a breakdown of structures and slowing of functions.

Which of the following provides the main source of energy for a newborn during its first few days?

Fat

As a result of the tympanic reflex,

vibrations are transmitted less effectively to the inner ear.

The painkiller sold as Ziconotide comes from a

snail

The Golgi tendon organ is stimulated more when

muscle tension increases.

Receptors for the general senses are found

widely distributed throughout the body.

What percentage of T4 is converted to T3 in peripheral tissues?

33%

Which of the following hormones requires a releasing hormone from the hypothalamus for its secretion?

Prolactin

Simple goiter is most prevalent where the soil lacks

iodine.

A hormone has a half-life of 20 minutes. After an hour, ___ percent of the original number of molecules remains.

12

Hormones

DO ALL OF THE ABOVE:

-help regulate water and electrolyte balance and blood pressure.

-have functions in growth, reproduction, and development.

-regulate metabolism.

-aid membrane transport.

Blood volume varies with

ALL OF THE ABOVE

-changes in fluid concentrations.

-changes in electrolyte concentration.

-body size.

-amount of adipose tissue.

Hydroxyurea treats sickle cell disease by

activating a gene that normally functions only in a fetus.

Stacy has been tired and bruising easily, and she's had three respiratory infections in the past few months. She has also had headaches and a few nosebleeds. A physician should check her for

leukemia.

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about

45%

Which two mature blood cell types descend from myeloblasts?

Neutrophils and basophils.

In mitral valve prolapse, the mitral valve

bulges into the left atrium during ventricular contraction.

Cells of the conducting system in the heart are more sensitive to which ion?

Potassium

In an ECG pattern, the P wave is caused by

depolarization of atrial muscle fibers.

Kidney disease can cause hypertension by

ALL OF THE ABOVE:

-activating the renin-angiotensin mechanism.

-narrowing the lumens of renal blood vessels.

-stimulating the secretion of aldosterone

-increasing retention of sodium and water.

The effect on the heart of excess potassium ion concentration usually is

cessation of the heartbeat.

Cells in a lymph node that engulf and destroy damaged cells, foreign substances, and cellular debris are

macrophages.

A transplant recipient's body rejects a transplanted organ because her ______ does not match that of the donor closely enough.

major histocompatibility complex.

Cytotoxic T cells destroy

cancer cells and virus-containing cells.

The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the

upper limb and mammary gland.

A primary immune response ______, and a secondary immune response ______.

produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen

The digestive system

ingests food, propels food, mechanically and chemically breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and defecates the remainder.

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Absorption of water and electrolytes

Matthew takes a drug that inhibits the production of HCl in the stomach to ease the symptoms of a gastric ulcer. If he takes it for a long time, digestion of which nutrient would be affected the most?

Proteins

Edith suffers from severe heartburn. She goes to her physician and is diagnosed with a hiatal hernia. This condition affects her

diaphragm.

Salivary amylase digests

carbohydrates

The procedure used to directly examine the trachea and bronchial tree is called

bronchoscopy.

Smokers are more susceptible to respiratory infections because

their respiratory passages lose cilia, which would otherwise remove bacteria

Carbon dioxide is sometimes added to the air that a patient breathes in order to

increase the rate and depth of breathing.

Which of the following proteins transports some carbon dioxide in the blood?

Hemoglobin

The probable function of yawning

is poorly understood.

A renal corpuscle includes the

glomerulus and glomerular capsule.

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra.

Podocytes and pedicels are part of the

glomerular capsule.

A renal corpuscle is a _____, whereas a renal tubule is a _____.

cluster of blood capillaries and glomerular capsule; highly coiled tubule exiting the glomerular capsule

Secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide

increases sodium excretion.

The thirst center is located in the

hypothalamus.

A person in a moderate environment would lose the greatest volume of water in

urine.

Maxwell has just finished a brutal 10 kilometer run. His body has

an increased production of carbonic acid and decreased pH of body fluids.

Acidosis is a pH of arterial blood

below 7.35

The ratio of intracellular to extracellular fluids in the body of an average male is

2:1

Judy runs 50 miles a week. She and her husband have been trying to conceive for three years, with no luck. Her disturbed menstrual cycle and infertility are due to

decreased synthesis of estrogens.