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Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists
Medications that stimulate beta-2 adrenergic receptors to relax bronchiole smooth muscles.
SABA
Short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonists used for acute asthma attacks.
Albuterol
A common SABA used to relieve acute bronchospasm.
Levalbuterol
A SABA that is an isomer of albuterol, used for similar purposes.
Epinephrine
A non-selective adrenergic agonist that can relieve acute bronchospasm.
LABAs
Long-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonists not intended for acute relief.
Formoterol
A LABA used for maintenance treatment in asthma not for acute attacks.
Salmeterol
A LABA that has a slow onset and is used for long-term control.
Anticholinergics
Medications that block cholinergic responses and help relax airways.
Ipratropium
An anticholinergic agent used to relieve bronchospasm.
Tiotropium
A long-acting anticholinergic used for bronchospasm in COPD.
Methylxanthines
A class of drugs including aminophylline and theophylline that relax bronchial muscles.
Aminophylline
A methylxanthine used as a bronchodilator.
Theophylline
A methylxanthine with a narrow therapeutic range, used to treat asthma.
Corticosteroids
Anti-inflammatory medications that help reduce airway inflammation.
Budesonide
An inhaled corticosteroid used for controlling asthma symptoms.
Fluticasone
An inhaled corticosteroid that reduces inflammation in asthma management.
Leukotriene modifiers
Medications that suppress inflammation by blocking leukotriene receptors.
Montelukast
A leukotriene receptor antagonist used for asthma management.
Mast cell stabilizers
Agents like cromolyn that prevent the release of histamine from mast cells.
Combo Corticosteroid & LABA
Combination therapy to manage asthma with both anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator effects.
Acetylcysteine
A mucolytic agent that dissolves thick mucus.
Expectorants
Medications that increase mucous secretions to aid in coughing.
Guanfacine
An expectorant used to thin secretions and promote coughing.
Antitussives
Medications that suppress cough reflex.
Benzonatate
An antitussive that works by numbing the throat and lungs.
Dextromethorphan
An over-the-counter antitussive effective for non-productive cough.
Common side effects of beta agonists
Tremors, tachycardia, and restlessness.
Common side effects of corticosteroids
Hoarseness, dry mouth, and oral thrush.
Important consideration for methylxanthines
Monitoring levels between 5-15 mcg/mL due to toxicity risk.
Cautions with anticholinergics
Use with caution in patients with glaucoma.
Leukotriene side effects
Headache, nausea, and potential suicidal thoughts.