Most Common Medications & Fluids Review

Flashcards covering medications, irrigating solutions, local anesthetics, hemostatics, anticoagulants, dyes, and contrast media based on lecture notes.

What is the literal translation or meaning of hypertonic solution given in the text?

"above strength"

What happens to cells and blood cells when exposed to a hypertonic solution?

They shrink and shrivel because the solution is saltier than the cells.

What is the literal translation or meaning of isotonic solution given in the text?

"same strength"

How do blood cells behave in an isotonic solution?

They remain unchanged because the solution has the same tonicity as the cells.

What is the literal translation or meaning of hypotonic solution given in the text?

"below strength"

What happens to cells and blood cells when exposed to a hypotonic solution?

They will swell and possibly burst because the solution is less salty than the cells.

In terms of osmolarity, how does fluid naturally move?

Fluid moves from areas of low concentration (low osmolarity) to high concentration or osmolarity.

What is the definition of hemolysis?

Destruction of blood cell

What is the definition of parenteral medication administration?

Injected (not oral or topical)

In what standard physical forms are topical medications usually applied?

Cream, foam, gel, lotion, or ointment

What does the term contraindicated mean?

Not safe to use

What is the primary function of a hemostatic?

Control bleeding (enhance or accelerate blood clotting)

How does vasoconstriction affect blood flow and medication absorption?

Blood vessels constrict, slowing blood flow, which slows the absorption of medication.

How does vasodilation affect blood pressure and medication absorption?

Blood vessels dilate, which decreases blood pressure and speeds absorption of medication.

When accepting medications, solutions, or dyes to the backtable, what four items must ALWAYS be checked on the label?

Name of medication / Amount, strength, expiration date / warmer date, and allergies

What items must be labeled immediately upon being received at the backtable?

Intermediate storage container (specimen cup, etc) and syringe

What factor determines the rate of flow and pressure of an irrigating solution when set up on an IV pole?

The height at which the IV pole is set

What serious adverse events can occur if distention media absorption is not carefully managed?

Hypoosmolality, hyponatremia, neurologic injury, cerebral edema, hypotonic encephalopathy, heart failure, pulmonary edema, or death

What is the exact sodium chloride concentration percentage in Normal Saline (NS)?

0.9%

Why is Normal Saline contraindicated for cleaning or rinsing surgical instruments?

Saline can cause pitting / rust.

What is Lactated Ringer's (LR or RL) primarily used for?

Used to restore fluid balance after significant blood loss or burns

What complication must be carefully monitored when using Sterile Water during a TURP?

Intravascular hemolysis of erythrocytes

In what specific clinical contexts is Sterile Water contraindicated?

Cell saver, CV, neurosurgery, and cancer

What tonicity property does Glycine 2.2% possess?

Isotonic - non hemolytic fluid at 2.2%

For which two procedures is Glycine 1.5% most often used?

TURP and Hysteroscopies

What is the definition of metabolic acidosis?

Too much acid accumulation in the body

What are the primary functions of Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) during ophthalmic surgery?

Keep cornea moist and clear blood

What color label is Epinephrine often packaged with?

Red label

On which anatomical areas is Epinephrine contraindicated due to slow blood supply?

Penis, toes, finger, or top of nose

How long does Lidocaine (Xylocaine) take to wear off without epinephrine compared to with epinephrine?

30-60 minutes to wear off without epinephrine; 2-3 hours with epinephrine

What is URO-jet?

2% lidocaine jelly for urethral application

How long does Marcaine (Bupivacaine) last?

3-7 hours

When administering an Exparel Cocktail, what rule must be followed regarding lidocaine?

Do not mix with lidocaine; they must be injected 20 minutes apart.

What size needle or larger must be used with Exparel to avoid damaging liposome particles?

22 1/2 g needle or larger

What colored hazardous waste protocol must be followed for chemotherapy?

Yellow

Why must Thrombin NEVER be introduced into large blood vessels or injected with a syringe?

It will cause intravascular clotting / death.

What is Arista?

A plant-based absorbable powder hemostatic that contains no thrombin

How is Bone Wax prepared and presented on the backtable for application on bleeding bone?

Roll into small balls and put on a freer elevator

What antagonist medication is used to counteract Heparin?

Protamine sulfate

When should Monsel Solution be applied during a cervical procedure?

AFTER cervical biopsy (do not confuse and use prior, as it can damage tissue and compromise biopsy results)