N306 exam of doom

LETS GOO

health promotion vs. disease prevention

Health promotion is when the nurse provide information to the client to empower clients to take control over their own health habits for a healthier life. EX. education and changing diet

vs

disease prevention are measure taken to limit the exposure or effects of illness or disease. EX. immunization and hand washing

primary prevention vs. secondary prevention

Primary prevention focus on decreasing the risk of developing of medical condition by changing behaviors or minimizing exposures. EX. vaccinations, tobacco use, and banning harmful substances.

vs

secondary prevention consists of early screening to detect a disease process before it progresses to cause symptoms or complication in the client (reduce the impact of disease or injury, and limit disability). EX. taking blood pressure, cancer screening (Pap), and colonoscopies.

secondary prevention vs. tertiary prevention

secondary prevention consists of early screening to detect a disease process before it progresses to cause symptoms or complication in the client (reduce the impact of disease or injury, and limit disability). EX. taking blood pressure, cancer screening (Pap), and colonoscopies.

vs

tertiary prevention focuses on controlling the chronic effects of a health issue that has already occurred and on restoring the individual to optimal functioning. (acute or chronic). EX. cardiac rehabilitation for client following a heart attack and physical and occupational therapy for clients who experience burns or stroke.

modifiable vs. non-modifiable risk factors

modifiable risk factors are behaviors and actions that can affect a client’s risk for developing a disease. EX. unhealthy and excessive diet, lack of physical exercise, and the use of tobacco products.

vs

nonmodifiable risk factors that cannot be change. EX. age, gender, ethnicity/race, and family history.

heath disparity vs. social determinant of health

Health disparity are preventable differences in incidence and prevalence of disease, injury, or violence among populations, based on race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, LGBT, age or socioeconomic status. EX. 20.1% of Hispanic population who are less than 65 are underinsured, Asian American are twice as likely to develop chronic hepatitis b as non-Hispanic whites.

vs

impact an individual’s health, quality of life, and personal well-being and can contribute to health inequities and disparities. EX. a client who does not have access to health insurance or transportation may not be able to participate in health promotion appointments with health care providers, which may negatively affect the client’s overall health.

cultural awareness vs. cultural competence

Culture awareness encompasses the ability and willingness to investigate and understand the differences between perceptions, beliefs, traditions, and values within the nurse’s own culture and those in other cultures. EX. Nurses who provide care while demonstrating cultural awareness can use the family members to benefit the client’s care. Addressing their cultural needs can include communicating with them to enhance their care.

vs.

Cultural competence includes more than simple understanding definitions and recognizing that cultures have differences: it requires appreciating, accepting, and respecting the individual cultural influences, beliefs, customs, and values. EX. e ability to incorporate effective nursing care with emic and etic knowledge 

emic knowledge vs. Etic Knowledge

emic knowledge is a cultural insider’s perspective on a culture. EX.  gaining emic knowledge can help nurses understand the culture needs and views of individuals.
vs.

etic knowledge helps them understand the outside observation of individuals regarding a particular culture. Ex. The nurses' role in providing patient-centered care is vital, holistic, and potentially complex.

Nurses must develop therapeutic relationships with clients and their caregivers, learning to read cues from both regarding their preferred cultural, religious, and spiritual

advocacy vs. accountability

Speaking up for clients’ needs when the clients are unable to speak for themselves, and supporting clients to make choices for their own health. EX. Sometimes the nurse needs to advocate for the client because they cannot advocate for themselves or need assistance navigating the health care system itself. 

vs.

Being responsible for nursing actions. EX. reporting any medical error or admitting mistakes

confidentiality vs. fidelity

confidentiality keeping patient information private. EX. not discussing patient information in public.

vs.

fidelity is keeping promises and commitments. EX. returning when you promise to or keeping your promise

palliative care vs. Hospice care

A multidisciplinary care approach that is focused on the management of symptoms for chronic or life-threatening illnesses while maintaining the highest level of quality of life possible for the client. EX. a treatment approach that focuses on the management of symptoms of chronic or life-threatening illnesses while maintaining the highest quality of life possible for the client.

vs.

Hospice care is services provided to clients when it is determined the client has less than six months to live. The goal is comfort and support services for the client and family, not curative. EX. upportive services to both the client and the family. Hospice care is provided to a client in many settings, ranging from inpatient setting to the home. The care team continues to support the family for a period of time, even after the client has passed.

acute care vs. long-term care

an acute care facilities typically have an emergency department and the ability to conduct diagnostic services such as certain types of radiologic imaging and often surgical procedures. an uncomplicated stay the client may be sent home; complicated stay the client may need additional therapies or rehabilitation.

vs.

a long-term care (LTC) facility cares for clients who do not need specific nursing skills such as dressing changes or tube feedings, but rather a place to live. most clients need some level of assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) such as bathing, dressing, dental hygiene, and feeding.

skilled nursing vs. assisted living

A skilled nursing facility (nursing home or LTC), may provide for sort term rehabilitation care such as occupational and physical therapy as well as oversight for activities of daily living.

vs.

provides services for clients who are mostly independent in their living but who choose to live in a community setting for assistance with some part of their daily life—for example, with meals, medication management, laundry, housekeeping, or transportation.

define wellness

Comprises the actions taken by individuals to achieve their fullest potential for complete, holistic health.

nursing example of wellness

It may include spirituality, mental health or mindfulness, physical, or environmental aspects, depending on what the individual’s choices or needs are for holistic health. 

• Providing education and guidance about healthy lifestyle behavior can assist clients in maintaining a level of wellness

why wellness matter for patient care

Wellness matters for clients care because it is the active care of their well-being

define health

the current state of well-being.

nursing example of health

the state of the client during care.

why health matters for patient care

Health is important because it is the goal set for their well-being/current state

define health promotion

Health promotion consists of the actions taken by nurses, health care workers, and others to empower clients to take control over their own health habits for a healthier life.

nursing example of health promotion

Ex. This may involve the nurse giving information or resource to clients about topic of interest so that the client can act or make informed decisions about their health

• Health promotion performed by a health care provider is education focused on reducing the incidence of heart disease.

why does health promotion matters for patient care

Health promotion matters in patient care because it focuses on giving information to the client and them making improvement on their care.

define disease prevention

Encompasses measures taken to limit exposure or effects of illness or disease.

nursing example of disease prevention

Ex. include immunizations and hand hygiene.

why disease prevention matters for patient care

Disease prevention is important patient care because it helps prevent any infection or disease that could affect the patients health

define primary prevention

Primary prevention focuses on decreasing the risk for development of medical conditions by changing behaviors or minimizing exposures. 

• The act of intervening before negative health effects occur

nursing example of primary prevention

Ex. vaccinations, changing risky behaviors such as tobacco use, and banning harmful substances are all examples of primary prevention.

why primary prevention matters for patient care

This is important because this lowers the risk or eliminates the risk of getting an illness or disease.

define secondary prevention

Secondary prevention consists of early screening to detect a disease process before it progresses to cause symptoms or complications in the client. 

• To reduce the impact of disease or injury, and limit disability

nursing example of secondary prevention

Ex. measures include screening tests such as blood pressure measurement to detect hyper tension, blood cholesterol levels, and cancer screening tests such as mammograms, papanicolaou (Pap) tests, and routine colonoscopies.

why secondary prevention matters for patient care

Screening or testing that would help develop early treatment or signs of disease or illnesses.

define tertiary prevention

Tertiary prevention focuses on controlling the chronic effects of a health issue that has already occurred and on restoring the individual to optimal functioning. (acute or chronic)

• Tertiary prevention can include education about self-care to prevent further complications, such as for a client who has diabetes or renal disease.

nursing example of tertiary prevention

Ex. It can also include rehabilitation in the form of physical and occupational therapy that focuses on decreasing functional impairment resulting from a health condition. 

• Ex. cardiac rehabilitation for clients following a heart attack and physical and occupational therapy for clients who experience burns or a stroke.

why tertiary prevention matters to patient care

This helps reduce any effects of acute disease or reduce the impact of disease or injury.

define quaternary prevention

Quaternary prevention focuses on protecting clients from the excessive use of medical interventions that can cause more harm than  good.

nursing example of quaternary prevention

Ex. This concept refers to the use of medical tests, medication, and treatments that do not benefit the client.

why quaternary prevention matter for patient care

The use or quaternary prevention should not be advised because this may harm the client or not benefit the client. Treatment may prove difficult to withdraw, regardless of whether the condition truly necessitated the intervention

define modifiable risk factor

Modifiable risk factors are behaviors and actions that can affect a client’s risk for developing a disease.

nursing example of modifiable risk factor

Ex. elevated blood pressure, tobacco use, a high-fat diet, excessive alcohol use, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and sedimentary lifestyle.

Top 3:

• Unhealthy and excessive diet, lack of physical exercise, and the use of tobacco products.

why modifiable risk factor matter for patient care

Modifiable risk factors can be stopped and able to improve clients health with slight modification.

defined non-modifiable risk factor

Nonmodifiable risk factors that cannot be change

nursing example of non-modifiable risk factor

Ex. age, gender, ethnicity/race, and family history.

why non-modifiable risk factor matter for patient care

non-modifiable risk factors are important because it can help determine if certain groups are most likely to develop certain diseases or illnesses.

define social determinant of health

Impact an individual’s health, quality of life, and personal well-being and can contribute to health inequities and disparities. 

• Domains include economic stability, education access and quality, social and community context, neighborhood and built environments, and health care access and question.

nursing example of social determinant of health

Ex. a client who does not have access to health insurance or transportation may not be able to participate in health promotion appointments with health care providers, which may negatively affect the client’s overall health. 

why social determinant of health matters for patient care

It is important for patient care because this information always nurses to provide resources so that the client can receive proper care.

defined health disparity

Preventable differences in incidence and prevalence of disease, injury, or violence among populations, based on race, ethnicity, gender, gender identity, LGBT, age, or socioeconomic status.

nursing example of health disparity

Ex. 80% of African American females are overweight or obese as compared to 64.8% of the non-hispanic white female population. 

Ex. 20.1% of the hispanic population who are less than 65 years of age are underinsured

Ex. asian american are twice as likely to develop chronic hepatitis b as non-hispanic whites

why does heath disparity matter for client care

It is important for client care to understand health disparities because it can help determine underlying conditions that are related to a population.

defined vulnerable population

A group of people who are at higher risk for poor health outcomes resulting from barriers to social, economic, and environmental resources, including limitations due to illness or disability.

nursing example of vulnerable population

Ex. immigrants, older adults, marginalized ethnic groups, individuals experiencing poverty, clients who have chronic illnesses, and veterans.

why vulnerable population matter to patient care

This matter is important for patient care because by understanding vulnerable populations we can find out what resources we can provide them so that they can receive the best care.

defined cultural awareness

Culture awareness encompasses the ability and willingness to investigate and understand the differences between perceptions, beliefs, traditions, and values within the nurse’s own culture and those in other cultures.

nursing example of cultural awareness

Ex. Nurses who provide care while demonstrating cultural awareness can use the family members to benefit the client’s care. Addressing their cultural needs can include communicating with them to enhance their care.

why does cultural awareness matter for patient care

It is important for patient care because conducting a self-assessment to become aware of one;s self-bias will enhance cultural awareness when caring for clients.

defined cultural competence

Cultural competence includes more than simple understanding definitions and recognizing that cultures have differences: it requires appreciating, accepting, and respecting the individual cultural influences, beliefs, customs, and values.

nursing example of cultural competence

Ex. the ability to incorporate effective nursing care with emic and etic knowledge

why cultural competence matter for patient care

It is important for patient center care because it helps develop an understanding in how to deal with the patient within their cultural limits

defined inclusion

It is a critical aspect of environmental and organizational cultures where individuals who have diverse characteristics are embraced and able to thrive.

nursing example of inclusion

Ex. Inclusion is an environment that embraces individual differences to allow individuals to bring their who selves and identities to display their full capacity.

why does inclusion matter in patient care

Inclusion is important in patient care because this allows the client to have the best care without bias and anything against them

define cultural bias

Personal beliefs that influence judgment

nursing example of cultural bias

Ex. Assuming all patients have the same beliefs

why cultural bias matter for patient care

This is important because this can negatively affect patient care.

define emic knowledge

Knowledge is a cultural insider’s perspective on a culture

nursing example of emic knowledge

Ex. gaining emic knowledge can help nurses understand the culture needs and views of individuals.

why emic knowledge matters for patient care

The importance of emic knowledge for patient care is because it will help the nurse determine what the clients need within their viewpoint.

define etic knowledge

Knowledge is an outsider’s viewpoint on a culture

nursing example of etic knowledge

Ex. etic knowledge helps them understand the outside observation of individuals regarding a particular culture.

why etic knowledge matter for patient care

The importance of emic knowledge for patient care is because it will help the nurse determine what the clients need within other viewpoints.

defined patient-centered care

Patient-centered care is a concept that puts the client at the center of the nurse’s care.

nursing example of patient-center care

Ex. The nurses' role in providing patient-centered care is vital, holistic, and potentially complex.

• Nurses must develop therapeutic relationships with clients and their caregivers, learning to read cues from both regarding their preferred cultural, religious, and spiritual.

why patient-center care matters for patient care

This matter is important for patient care because it provides care to the patient as a whole.

defined advocacy

Speaking up for clients’ needs when the clients are unable to speak for themselves, and supporting clients to make choices for their own health. 

Defending the rights, interests, and safety of someone who is vulnerable. 

The act of defending the interests, rights, and safety of those who can’t do it for themselves.

nursing example of advocacy

Ex. Sometimes the nurse needs to advocate for the client because they cannot advocate for themselves or need assistance navigating the health care system itself.

why advocacy matters in patient care

This matters because it helps clients receive the care and needs they deserve/need.

defined accountability

Being responsible for nursing actions

nursing example of accountability

Ex. reporting any medical error or admitting mistakes

why accountability matter for patient care

This is important bc it prompts safe practices

defined confidentiality

Keeping patient information private

nursing example of confidentiality

Ex. not discussing patient information in public

why confidentiality matters for patient care

It maintain HIPAA

defined fidelity

Keeping promises and commitments

nursing example of fidelity

Ex. returning when you promise to or keeping your promise

why fidelity matters for patient care

This is important because it builds trust in nurse-client relations.

defined palliative care

A multidisciplinary care approach that is focused on the management of symptoms for chronic or life-threatening illnesses while maintaining the highest level of quality of life possible for the client

nursing example of palliative care

Ex. a treatment approach that focuses on the management of symptoms of chronic or life-threatening illnesses while maintaining the highest quality of life possible for the client.

why palliative care matter in patient care

This is important because it will cause the patient to have the least amount of pain. With a focus on lessening the pain.

defined hospice care

Hospice care is services provided to clients when it is determined the client has less than six months to live. The goal is comfort and support services for the client and family, not curative.

nursing example of hospice care

Ex. supportive services to both the client and the family. Hospice care is provided to a client in many settings, ranging from inpatient setting to the home. The care team continues to support the family for a period of time, even after the client has passed.

why hospice care matter for patient care

This is important because it causes less pain on the patient as well as provides support service to both client and family.

defined case management

Case management process includes managing clients with complex conditions to help reduce the number and cost of acute services needed while maintaining a “focus on the quality of care, safe transitions, and timely access to and availability of services”

nursing example of case management

Ex. a case management nurse may be in frequent contact with a client who has congestive heart failure to monitor blood pressure, weight, diet, and respiratory status.

why case management matter for patient care

This is important in patient care because this may help manage the costs of care as well as avoid unnecessary services and prevent intensifying health problems.

defined interprofessional collaboration

Different healthcare professionals working together

nursing example of interpofessional collaboration

Ex. nurses, physicians, pharmacist planning care

why interprofessional collaboration matter

This is important because it improves patient outcomes

defined swanson’s theory of caring

Swanson’s theory of caring addresses caring in the profession of nursing and its impact on improving client well-being by assisting nurses to promote the client’s empowerment, respect, and dignity

nursing example of swanson’s theory of caring

Ex. in nursing practice, this may involve simply talking with a client upon admission and recognizing the clients as a spiritual being who is uniquely individual.

why swanson’s theory of caring

The nurse portrays a hopeful attitude and assists clients in achieving or maintaining a positive attitude and finding meaning in life as they transition through whatever health event they may be experiencing.

defined sentinel event

A sentinel event is one that resulted in a client’s death or harm that is determined to be permanent or severe.