Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

Flashcards for reviewing the organelles of eukaryotic cells and their functions.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An extensive network of tubules in eukaryotic cells that transports materials, existing in smooth (no ribosomes) and rough (with ribosomes) forms.

Ribosomes

Structures responsible for protein synthesis, found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Eukaryotic ribosomes are 80S, composed of two subunits.

Lysosomes

Intracellular digestive centers containing hydrolytic enzymes that break down proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. They originate from the Golgi apparatus.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that collects, packages, modifies, and distributes materials synthesized in the cell. It consists of flattened sacs called cisternae.

Smooth ER

Endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, hormone production, detoxification, calcium storage, and glucose release.

Rough ER

Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes on its surface, involved in protein synthesis, development, and transport.

Mitochondria

Rod-shaped organelles responsible for producing ATP (cellular energy). They have a double membrane, including cristae for increased surface area, and their own DNA and ribosomes (70S type).

Centrosome

An organelle that consists of a pair of centrioles, which are involved in assembling microtubules for structure, movement, and cell division.

Vacuoles

Storage organelles that store food, metabolic wastes, toxins, and water. They're bounded by a membrane and provide rigidity in plant cells.

Cytoplasm

The region inside the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells where organelles are located; the fluid portion is called the cytosol.