Unit 1 AP Bio: Responses to the Environment

visual cues

sense of sight ( mating dance, camouflage)

auditory cues

audible sounds (meow, growl) , some use it for sight (echolocation)

physical cues

movement or touch (tickling)

chemical cues

specialized receptors allow them to sense chemical signals (smell, pheromones)

phototropic/light cues

stimuli from light sources that trigger movement or directional growth (plants using phototropism)

circadian rhythm

phototropic cue, cycle of rest/activity

tropism

plants response to environmental stimuli/cue

phototropism

growth in response to light (plants only)

photoperiodism

blooming in response to light (seasons)

gravitropism/geotropism

growth in response to gravity

hydrotropism

growth in response to water

behavior

response from nervous system to stimuli in environment

innate behavior

inherited , automatic, and consistent instincts

learned behavior

changes with experience and environment. the ability to learn is inherited, but the behavior develops during an animal’s lifetime

behaviors can establish __, help find__, and increase reproductive __

dominance/territory, food, and success

what does natural selection favor?

innate and learned behaviors that increase survival and reproductive success

what increases individual fitness and survival of the population

cooperative behaviors

ecology

study of interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in environment

population

all members of one species living and occupying the same area

ecological niche

position a species occupies in its ecosystem, interaction and roles

biological fitness

ability to survive and pass genes to offspring

how does living in populations provide protection

hunting/grazing tg and alerting each other to threats

r-selected reproducing

many offspring, less parental care, less energy, most die, fewer survivors, short life span

k-selected

few but larger offspring, cared for by parents, significant energy, most survive, many survivors, long lifespan

growth curves

show how quickly population is growing

what does r selected have in its graph

a bunch of oscillations

characteristics of r selected species in growth

reach carrying capacity quickly, extreme population boom and bust cycles

k selected characteristics in growth

grow slowly, level out near carrying capacity

type 1 survivorship curve

k selected for sure

type 2 survivorship curve

intermediate, a straight line down

type 3 survivorship curve

r selected