Government Chapter 2 Vocab

Constitution

A document that sets out the fundamental principles of governance and establishes the institution of government

Republic

A government ruled by the representatives of the people

Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union

A governing document that created a union of thirteen sovereign states in which the states, not the union, were supreme.

Unicameral

A one-house legislature.

Shays’s Rebellion

A popular uprising against the government of Massachusetts

Constitutional Convention

A meeting attended by state delegates in 1787 to fix the Articles of Confederation

Writ of habeas Corpus

The right of people detained by the government to know the charges against them.

Bill of Attainder

When the legislature declares someone guilty without a trial

Ex post facto Laws

Laws punishing people for acts that were not crimes at the time they were committed

Virginia Plan

A plan of government calling for a three-branch government with a bicameral legislature, where more populous state would have more representation in Congress.

New Jersey Plan

A plan of government that provided for a unicameral legislature with equal votes for each state.

Bicameral

A two-house legislature

Grand Committee

A committee at the Constitutional Convention that worked out the compromise on representation

Great (Connecticut) Compromise

An agreement for a plan of government that drew upon both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans; it settled issues of state representation by calling for a bicameral legislature with a House of Representatives appointed proportionally and a Senate appointed equally.

Three-Fifth Compromise

An agreement reached by delegates at the Constitutional Convention that a slave would count as three-fifths of a person in calculating a state’s representation.

Compromise on Importation

Congress could not restrict the slave trade until 1808

Separation of Powers

A design of government that distributes powers across institutions in order to avoid making one branch too powerful on its own.

Checks and Balances

A design of government in which each branch has power that can prevent the other branch from making policy.

Federalism

The sharing of power between the national government and the states

Legislative Branch

The institution responsible for making laws

Expression or Enumerated Powers

Authority specifically granted to a branch of the government in the Constitution.

Necessary and Proper or Elastic Clause

Language in Article 1, Section 8 granting Congress the power necessary to carry out its enumerated powers.

Implied Powers

Authority of the federal government that goes beyond its expressed powers

Executive Branch

The institution responsible for carrying out laws passed by the legislative branch

Judicial Branch

The institution responsible for hearing and deciding cases through the federal courts

Supremacy Clause

Constitutional provision declaring that the constitution and all federal laws and treaties are the supreme law of the land

Amendment

The process by which changes may be made to the Constitution.

Federalists

Suppoerts of the proposed Constitution, who called for a strong national government.

Antifederalists

Those who opposed to the proposed Constitution and favored stronger state governments.

Federalist Papers

A series of 85 essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay and published between 1787 and 1788 that lay out the theory behind the Constitution.

Federalist #51

An essay in which Madison argues that separation of power and federalism will prevent tyranny.

Faction

A group of self-interested people who use the government to get what they want, trampling the rights of others in the process.

Federalist #10

An essay in which Madison argues that the dangers of faction can be mitigated by a large republic and republican government.

Brutus #1

An Antifederalist Paper arguing that the country was too large to be governed as a republic and that the Constitution gave too much power to the national government.