Inheritance I: DNA and Genes

A set of flashcards covering key concepts on DNA, genes, mutations, transcription, and translation as discussed in the lecture.

What are alleles?

Different versions of a gene.

What is a gene?

A section of DNA that codes for a particular protein.

What defines a genome?

All the genetic material an individual carries.

How many types of mutations are there?

Three primary types: substitution, insertion, and deletion.

What does the central dogma describe?

The flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.

Where does transcription occur?

In the cell nucleus.

Where does translation take place?

In the cytoplasm with the help of tRNA.

What is the purpose of tRNA in translation?

tRNA carries amino acids corresponding to the mRNA codon.

What is an example of a severe mutation impact?

A missense mutation can significantly alter protein function.

What is the average nucleotide diversity among humans?

Approximately 1/1000 to 1/1500 nucleotide differences.

What is the impact of a mutation in the regulatory region of a gene?

It may affect the expression level of the gene, potentially altering the resulting protein.