AP World History Unit 1-5 Test

In classical Athens,
a. the growth of democracy was accompanied by the simultaneous growth of slavery on a massive scale.
b. a slave who was freed by his or her master became a citizen of the city-state.
c. slavery was criticized by the greatest of the Greek philosophers including Aristotle, and was ultimately outlawed in society as a whole.
d. through time slavery became associated with race and especially blackness.

A

The agricultural civilizations of West Africa were characterized by what kind(s) of government(s)?
a. Highly centralized kingdoms only
b. A mixture of stateless societies, city states, and more highly centralized kingdoms
c. Hunter-gatherer civilizations only
d. Stateless societies only

B

Why did the Aztecs perform ritual human sacrifice?
a. Aztecs believed that all non-Aztec peoples were not human and had to be exterminated before they corrupted the Aztec race.
b. They believed the victims' blood replenished the energy of the sun.
c. They did not have enough resources to feed prisoners, so they had to kill them anyway.
d. They used victims' intestines to tell the future.

B

Regions that were linked by the earliest "Silk Road?"

East Asia to the Middle East

Zoroastrianism most probably influenced which of the following philosophical or religious traditions?
a. Judaism
b. Daoism
c. Confucianism
d. Hinduism

A

Which of the following is a reason why Europeans put so much effort into expanding their power, while Chinese withdrew into their borders during the fifteenth century?
a. The Europeans had far greater wealth with which to fund the expansion, whereas the Ming state was relatively poor.
b. Europe had an abundance of land to grow into, whereas China was facing a shortage of land.
c. European Christianity was locked in a struggle with Muslims who threatened Europe and blocked easy access to the wealth of Asia, whereas China already had access to the wealth of Asia.
d. Expansion into the Indian Ocean brought formerly rival European states together, largely bringing an end to wars between them, whereas expansion into the Indian Ocean was divisive in the Ming China where it spawned several civil wars.

C

Which of the following is among the reasons why Tang and Song dynasty China is regarded as a "golden age"?
a. Major artistic, literary, and scholarly advances, including the creation of Neo-Confucianism
b. The invention of new forms of weaponry that assured peace by giving China a new military advantage over its neighbors
c. The development of democratic institutions that gave more people a say in government
d. The nearly universal adoption of Buddhism by the population

A

With regard to the conversion of Western Europe to Christianity,
a. the Church was willing to accommodate a considerable range of earlier cultural practices by absorbing them into an emerging Christian tradition.
b. the Church and their allies among Christian rulers never used coercion to convert communities because such conversions were not considered valid.
c. Pope Gregory succeeded in converting numerous peoples only after he ordered missionaries to destroy pagan temples upon their arrival in communities.
d. the Church pursued a bottom-up strategy, converting the people before they sought to convert their rulers.

A

In its effort to recover from the disruption of Mongol rule, the Ming dynasty took which of the following steps?
a. Ming rulers sought to recover the Chinese cultural past.
b. The Ming dynasty eliminated the civil service examination system.
c. The Ming dynasty suppressed Confucian learning.
d. Ming rulers banned horses from the empire.

A

Which of the following is true of the Silk Roads?
a. The Silk Roads linked the large civilizations on the outer rim of the Eurasian continent but bypassed the pastoral peoples of the interior.
b. The Silk Roads were largely a relay trade route, in which goods were passed down the line rather than carried by one merchant along the entire route.
c. Although important, the Silk Roads never carried as large a volume of long-distance trade as the American networks.
d. The Silk Roads linked the entire world into a single trade network.

B

Mesoamerican and Andean cultures were similar in that both
a. tried but failed to develop regional or long-distance trade networks.
b. were profoundly impacted by the emergence of the Chavín cult.
c. used iron tools extensively.
d. were dominated by cities or regional states rather than a single empire.

D

The spread of agriculture through diffusion and migration
a. led to the decline and ultimate disappearance of pastoral societies.
b. always benefited the gather-hunter peoples with whom migrants came into contact.
c. resulted in the spread of language groups.
d. resulted in the widespread dissemination of crops from New Guinea.

C

An empire
a. never took shape in India during the classical era.
b. is usually composed of a single ethnic group with a single language, religion, and identity.
c. is usually formed through conquest and maintained through the extraction of resources from conquered states and peoples.
d. is a state that forms as a democratic republic but is eventually seized and ruled over by a single ruler.

C

Which sub-region would have a coastline on BOTH the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean?

South Asia

In Western Europe, women
a. were able to practice some trades, especially between the eleventh and thirteenth centuries.
b. regularly entered university training to become lawyers and doctors after the twelfth century.
c. received political rights by the sixteenth century.
d. had no opportunities outside the home.

A

In which third-wave civilization did the state largely control trade, not allowing a professional merchant class to emerge?
a. China
b. Inca
c. Aztec
d. Mali

B

Which of the following was a reason for the rapid expansion of the Islamic/Arab Empire in the century following the death of Muhammad?
a. A strong desire to punish infidels
b. The uniting of all Arabs behind Muhammad's relative Ali
c. A smooth succession of caliphs selected by election
d. The weakened condition of the Byzantine and Persian empires

D

Which foreign religious tradition was absorbed into China during the classical period?
a. Hinduism
b. Christianity
c. The Isis cult
d. Buddhism

D

Which of the following was a unique feature of Greek political life?
a. The universal right to vote for all men and women above the age of sixteen
b. The idea of free people running the affairs of state
c. Representative democracy
d. The granting of limited political rights to slaves

B

How did Europeans commonly react to African slaves' syncretic religions, such as Santeria and Vodou?
a. They considered these religions to be satanic witchcraft and tried to suppress them.
b. They often participated in these religions.
c. They turned a blind eye to these religions.
d. They tolerated these religions.

A

How does the Enlightenment compare to the Scientific Revolution?
a. The Enlightenment inspired the Scientific Revolution.
b. The Enlightenment applied the idea of natural laws to human affairs rather than the physical universe.
c. The Enlightenment was a Protestant movement, while the Scientific Revolution was a Catholic movement.
d. The Enlightenment refers to people's growing awareness of the Scientific Revolution.

B

Which of the following human accomplishments emerged with the First Civilizations?
a. Agriculture
b. Writing
c. Village life
d. Art

B

Buddhism became an important faith in
a. Central Asia.
b. West Africa.
c. Greece.
d. the Swahili coast of East Africa.

A

Which of the following was a difference between India and China's social structures?
a. China's social groups were defined more rigidly.
b. Indian society was divided into fewer distinct social groups than was Chinese society.
c. India's social groups were defined more rigidly.
d. China's class system gave priority to religious status and ritual purity.

C

The sudden rise of Islam in the seventh century had an impact on Indian Ocean commerce because
a. Islamic rulers succeeded in suppressing the Silk Roads.
b. Islamic religious leaders decreed that Muslim merchants could have no dealings with non-Muslim traders.
c. early rulers of the Arab Empire sought to promote trade within the empire by prohibiting trade by Muslim merchants beyond its borders.
d. Muslim merchants and sailors established communities of traders from East Africa to the south China coast.

D

The end of the last Ice Age laid the foundation for the Agricultural Revolution by
a. contributing to the flourishing of large mammals on which Paleolithic peoples depended.
b. breaking the land bridge that connected the Americas to Siberia.
c. leading to a sharp decline in the human population, thereby decreasing pressures on the environment.
d. creating a warmer, wetter, and more stable climate.

D

In which of the following ancient societies did women enjoy the fewest restrictions?
a. Sparta
b. Classical India
c. Athens
d. Han China

A

Once they established sea routes to the Indian Ocean, the Portuguese were able to
a. monopolize the spice trade to Europe.
b. use their superior naval technology to conquer several strategic port cities.
c. convert much of Swahili East Africa to the Christian faith.
d. trade sought-after European goods at high profits.

B

Which of the following was a key development behind the doubling of the Chinese population during the Tang and Song dynasties?
a. The massive importation of food crops from Central Asia
b. The conquest of Japan
c. The adoption of a fast-ripening strain of rice from Vietnam
d. The end of warfare with pastoral peoples

C

"The term "Silk Road" is somewhat of a misnomer, since silk was not the only commodity that traversed this ancient trade route. Moreover physical goods weren't the only things traded; inevitably technologies and religions also passed along the route and were embraced and developed in this inhospitable region...The opening of a full-length silk road where trade could pass easily and unhindered did not happen until nearly 115 BCE. The Chinese were split into warring factions and only few fragments of silk made it out of China's domains. It wasn't until 221 BCE that the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, successfully united his land with those surrounding him. He pooled the resources of the various states, built the earliest form of the Great Wall, and developed road infrastructure. It was the Han Dynasty that saw the benefits of trade and as the subsequent emperors grew stronger they looked farther afield not only for new lands, but also formed trading and political allies."
According to Document 3, which AP World History Period did the "Silk Road" originate in?
a. Period 2: 600 BCE - 600 CE
b. Period 4: 1450 CE - 1750 CE
c. Period 1: Pre-History to 600 BCE
d. Period 3: 600 CE - 1450 CE

A

What were the most common destinations in the Americas for West African slaves?
a. British North America and the United States
b. The Caribbean and Brazil
c. Peru
d. Mexico

B

The racial system of which of the following regions was characterized by less racial mixing and less willingness to recognize the offspring of interracial unions than occurred in the other regions?
a. British North America
b. The Caribbean
c. Mexico
d. Brazil

A

Persian political organization included which of the following features?
a. An emperor who was little more than a figurehead
b. A civil service that took exams
c. A written constitution
d. Lower-level officials drawn from local authorities

D

Like First Civilizations, societies of the classical era
a. were based upon written constitutions.
b. rarely included slaves.
c. lacked sharp distinctions along class lines.
d. were patriarchal in organization.

D

Chinese interaction with the northern nomads during the Tang dynasty resulted in
a. Chinese public disdain for the music, clothing, and artistic styles of nomads as a way of asserting their cultural superiority.
b. the conversion of large numbers of the northern nomads to Chinese cultural ways.
c. a mixed Chinese/Turkish culture evolving in northern China that produced the founder of the Tang dynasty.
d. the permanent abandonment of the tribute system.

C

The Hellenistic era was
a. the time of the Roman Empire's greatest expansion.
b. initiated by Sparta's defeat of Athens in the Peloponnesian War.
c. named after Helen of Troy.
d. marked by a spread of Greek culture into the lands of the Persian Empire.

D

Which of the following is a reason why Portugal, Spain, France, and Britain were the first to expand into the New World?
a. These lands believed in ancient legends of a lost world across the ocean.
b. These lands lacked iron which drove them to search for deposits.
c. These lands were on the Atlantic coast.
d. These lands had a long tradition of distant exploration.

C

The religious or spiritual dimension of Paleolithic culture included
a. full-time religious specialists.
b. a belief among some in a cyclical view of time that emphasized endlessly repeated patterns of regeneration and disintegration.
c. a single belief system based on an impersonal force suffused throughout the natural world that was shared by all Paleolithic peoples.
d. a complete lack of a feminine dimension to religion, as reflected in universally male images and statues.

B

The global silver trade
a. fundamentally transformed the Spanish economy, making it one of the most productive and commercialized kingdoms in the world.
b. brought the downfall of the Tokugawa shoguns.
c. was important in India but had little impact on China.
d. was the first direct and sustained link between the Americas and Asia.

D

Both the Buddha and Jesus
a. actively sought to found new religions during their lifetimes.
b. allied themselves with religious authorities in their regions.
c. were transformed by their followers into gods.
d. actively opposed Zoroastrianism.

C

. . . Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived together in peace. Because several Christian and Jewish prophets, including Adam, Abraham, and Moses, are named in the Qur'an and because the Jewish Torah and Christian gospels are recognized as revelations from Allah, the Muslim rulers called Christians and Jews "people of the Book" and permitted them much religious and personal freedom. Jews, especially, enjoyed many liberties, and many Jews distinguished themselves in science, the arts, and government. Convivencia, a Spanish word meaning "living together," helped make tenth-century al-Andalus the most civilized country in Europe. . . .
--Lawrence Houghteling, "Al-Andalus: Islamic Spain," Calliope, Nov.-Dec. 1995
. . . Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived together in peace. Because several Christian and Jewish prophets, including Adam, Abraham, and Moses, are named in the Qur'an and because the Jewish Torah and Christian gospels are recognized as revelations from Allah, the Muslim rulers called Christians and Jews "people of the Book" and permitted them much religious and personal freedom. Jews, especially, enjoyed many liberties, and many Jews distinguished themselves in science, the arts, and government. Convivencia, a Spanish word meaning "living together," helped make tenth-century al-Andalus the most civilized country in Europe. . . .
--Lawrence Houghteling, "Al-Andalus: Islamic Spain," Calliope, Nov.-Dec. 1995
. . . Muslims, Christians, and Jews lived together in peace. Because several Christian and Jewish prophets, including Adam, Abraham, and Moses, are named in the Qur'an and because the Jewish Torah and Christian gospels are recognized as revelations from Allah, the Muslim rulers called Christians and Jews "people of the Book" and permitted them much religious and personal freedom. Jews, especially, enjoyed many liberties, and many Jews distinguished themselves in science, the arts, and government. Convivencia, a Spanish word meaning "living together," helped make tenth-century al-Andalus the most civilized country in Europe. . . .
--Lawrence Houghteling, "Al-Andalus: Islamic Spain," Calliope, Nov.-Dec. 1995
This passage expresses:
a. the economic disparities that existed within areas with heterogeneous populations
b. the political situation that led to the end of feudalism
c. the living conditions which led to the start of the Crusades
d. the cosmopolitan society that developed in Muslim-controlled areas

D

In classical civilizations,
a. women in general experienced fewer restrictions compared to those living in pastoral societies.
b. public life in general was a male domain, while women's roles took place mostly in domestic settings.
c. women in general experienced fewer restrictions as compared to those who lived in Neolithic agricultural village societies.
d. upper-class women had a tendency to live less restricted lives than lower-class women.

B

Which of the following is true of the Protestant Reformation?
a. It discouraged independent reading of the scriptures.
b. The invention of the printing press facilitated its spread.
c. In comparison to the Catholic faith, Protestants focused more on the veneration of Mary than Jesus.
d. It maintained its unity as it spread.

B

This question is based on the following excerpt from John Hobson's Imperialism, 1902.
"It is open to Imperialists to argue thus: We must have markets for our growing manufactures, we must have new outlets for the investment of our surplus capital and for the energies of the adventurous surplus of our population: such expansion is a necessity of life to a nation with our great and growing powers of production. An ever larger share of our population is devoted to the manufactures and commerce of towns, and is thus dependent for life and work upon food and raw materials from foreign lands. In order to buy and pay for these things we must sell our goods abroad. During the first three-quarters of the nineteenth century we could do so without difficulty by a natural expansion of commerce with continental nations and our colonies, all of which were far behind us in the main arts of manufacture and the carrying trades. So long as England held a virtual monopoly of the world markets for certain important classes of manufactured goods, Imperialism was unnecessary..."
Hobson's statement fits best with which kind of economic system?
a. Communism
b. Socialism
c. Capitalism
d. Mercantilism

C

"The term "Silk Road" is somewhat of a misnomer, since silk was not the only commodity that traversed this ancient trade route. Moreover physical goods weren't the only things traded; inevitably technologies and religions also passed along the route and were embraced and developed in this inhospitable region...The opening of a full-length silk road where trade could pass easily and unhindered did not happen until nearly 115 BCE. The Chinese were split into warring factions and only few fragments of silk made it out of China's domains. It wasn't until 221 BCE that the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, successfully united his land with those surrounding him. He pooled the resources of the various states, built the earliest form of the Great Wall, and developed road infrastructure. It was the Han Dynasty that saw the benefits of trade and as the subsequent emperors grew stronger they looked farther afield not only for new lands, but also formed trading and political allies."
According to Document 3, what was an unintended but inevitable effect of the creation of the "Silk Road"?
a. Trade in physical products became more important than cultural diffusion
b. East Asia was split into warring factions that limited the export of silk.
c. Cultural interactions were facilitated between the Han and regions to their west.
d. The Emperor Qin Shi Huang used state resources to build the Great Wall.

C

"The term "Silk Road" is somewhat of a misnomer, since silk was not the only commodity that traversed this ancient trade route. Moreover physical goods weren't the only things traded; inevitably technologies and religions also passed along the route and were embraced and developed in this inhospitable region...The opening of a full-length silk road where trade could pass easily and unhindered did not happen until nearly 115 BCE. The Chinese were split into warring factions and only few fragments of silk made it out of China's domains. It wasn't until 221 BCE that the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, successfully united his land with those surrounding him. He pooled the resources of the various states, built the earliest form of the Great Wall, and developed road infrastructure. It was the Han Dynasty that saw the benefits of trade and as the subsequent emperors grew stronger they looked farther afield not only for new lands, but also formed trading and political allies."
In addition to their desire to create and expand trade (theme 4), which theme does Document 3 suggest motivated the Han to develop the "Silk Road"?
a. Theme 1: Interactions Between Humans and the Environment
b. Theme 3: State building, expansion, and conflicts
c. Theme 2: Development & interaction of cultures
d. Theme 5: Development and transformation of Social Structures

B

Which of the following is true of pre-Islamic Arabia?
a. It was a backwater that had no real contact with the long-distance trade networks of Eurasia.
b. Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians lived among the established Arab populations.
c. It was united in a single state which dominated its neighbors.
d. Mecca was the region's only city.

B

Which of the following statements best describes the spread of the Bantu peoples to southern and eastern Africa?
a. The Bantu were originally invited into small African states as mercenaries and guest workers but eventually seized control of those states.
b. The Bantu, thanks to their skill in metallurgy, were well-armed and quickly able to conquer their neighbors.
c. It was Bantu language and culture that spread, rather than Bantu people themselves, as neighbors emulated highly successful Bantu ways.
d. The Bantu spread slowly, often just a few families at a time.

D

"It is open to Imperialists to argue thus: We must have markets for our growing manufactures, we must have new outlets for the investment of our surplus capital and for the energies of the adventurous surplus of our population: such expansion is a necessity of life to a nation with our great and growing powers of production. An ever larger share of our population is devoted to the manufactures and commerce of towns, and is thus dependent for life and work upon food and raw materials from foreign lands. In order to buy and pay for these things we must sell our goods abroad. During the first three-quarters of the nineteenth century we could do so without difficulty by a natural expansion of commerce with continental nations and our colonies, all of which were far behind us in the main arts of manufacture and the carrying trades. So long as England held a virtual monopoly of the world markets for certain important classes of manufactured goods, Imperialism was unnecessary..."
Finish Hobson's argument, what will happen once England loses its monopoly on world markets?
a. Imperialism will become necessary because nations will recognize that they are now capable of surpassing England and other Western nations in manufacturing ability
b. Imperialism will become necessary because nations will want to see who can gather the largest amount of colonies
c. Imperialism will become necessary because nations will want to make sure England never again holds such a monopoly in world markets for certain classes of goods
d. Imperialism will become necessary because nations will be competing for new outlets of investment for surplus capital as their production abilities increase

D

Which of the following distinguished the experience of women in Sparta from those in Athens?
a. Upper-class women in Sparta were more strictly confined to the home than those in Athens.
b. In Athens, philosophers like Aristotle raised the status of women by teaching that in comparison to men women had equal if not superior intelligence.
c. Athenian women were able to participate in their democratic government, whereas Spartan women were unable to participate in their oligarchic government.
d. In Sparta, women married men of about their own age.

D

In comparison to the Mongol conquests of Persia and China, Russia experienced
a. more dramatic social change as large numbers of Mongols settled in the region and intermixed with the Russian population.
b. much less devastation because Russian cities were better able to repel Mongol sieges.
c. more dramatic political change, with all native Russian princes being replaced by Mongol lords.
d. a different post-conquest relationship with the Mongols because the Mongols chose not to occupy the region physically.

D

Which of the following regions had the least productive agriculture, due to poorer and less fertile soils caused by the rapid breakdown of humus?
a. Europe
b. China
c. Africa
d. The Andean region

C

I went one day to the dawn prayer in the mosque, following my usual practice and when I finished the prayer one of those present mentioned to me that the sultan was in the mosque . . . when he rose up from his prayer carpet, I went forward to salute him . . . Then he said to me in Turkish, "Blessed is your arrival." After I had saluted him, he questioned me about Mecca and Medina, Jerusalem . . . Damascus and Cairo . . . and the lands of the non-Arabs . . .
The above is most likely an excerpt from the writings of
a. Marco Polo
b. Zheng He
c. Ibn Battuta
d. Vasco Da Gama

C

During the classical era, metallurgy was least developed on which of the continents?
a. Africa
b. Asia
c. Europe
d. America

D

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of the Greek way of thinking in the classical era?
a. Their focus on understanding the dao
b. Confidence in human reason
c. Enthusiasm for finding answers through communication with the gods
d. Respect for received wisdom

B

Swahili civilization was most heavily influenced by which of the following cultures?
a. Indian
b. European
c. Chinese
d. Bantu

D

In comparison to Han China, all of the city-states of classical Greece possessed
a. more freedoms for women, including some political rights.
b. more rigid caste-based social hierarchies.
c. economies less heavily reliant on slaves.
d. economies more heavily reliant on slaves.

D

Which of the following provided the primary economic foundation for civilization?
a. Writing
b. Slavery
c. The army
d. Agriculture

D

Which of the following was a characteristic of all classical empires?
a. They all imposed a single religion and language for the empire.
b. They were powerful states capable of coercing resources from subjects.
c. There was equality under the law for all subjects.
d. Emperors were constrained by the "mandate from heaven."

B

Which of the following systems of thought provided inspiration for the harsh reunification of China under Shihuangdi and the Qin Dynasty?
a. Daoism
b. Confucianism
c. Legalism
d. Buddhism

C

. As early as the struggle for the steppe he had spread the claim that Heaven had destined him as ruler; members of Mongol trading caravans spread stories intended to cause panic among the local populace; forged letters were fed to Sultan Muhammad which strengthened his mistrust of his Turkic units; freedom of religion was proclaimed; those who offered no resistance were promised that life and property would be spared; terrible destruction was threatened in the event of resistance; bloody examples were designed to spread fear and reduce the populace's will to resist. . . .
-- Paul Ratchnevsky, Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy, Blackwell Publishing
This passage reinforces the ideas that
a. the Mongols were benevolent to the people they conquered
b. the Mongols adapted the practices of those people that they conquered
c. the western church feared the advancement of the Mongols
d. the Mongols used strategy in conquering other areas

D

One reason why the Byzantine Empire survived as a political entity for a thousand years longer than the western part of the Roman Empire was
a. it was wealthier and more cosmopolitan than the western portion of the Roman Empire.
b. while Germanic invaders overwhelmed the western portion of the Roman empire, they never threatened the Byzantine Empire.
c. early on the Byzantine Empire completely abandoned its Roman cultural heritage which allowed it to more successfully reform as compared to the western portion of the Roman empire.
d. the Byzantine Empire abandoned its indefensible capital city of Constantinople allowing it to more effectively defend the other cities of the empire.

A

Which region gained the most from the exchanges of ideas and technologies facilitated by the Mongol Empire?
a. Europe
b. China
c. The Middle East
d. Sub-Saharan Africa

A

Why was the Shia branch of Islam formed?
a. The imam Ali had a new revelation that expanded the teachings of Islam.
b. Its adherents feared that Muslims in conquered lands were "going native" and abandoning Islamic teachings.
c. Its adherents believed that Husayn, the son of Ali, was the messiah.
d. A leadership crisis occurred, causing division between the Sunnis and the Shiites who believed that blood relations of Muhammad should rule the Islamic world.

D

Diffusion refers to the
a. growing power of chiefdoms over agricultural villages.
b. securing of more food and resources from a smaller area of land than was possible with a gathering and hunting technology.
c. taming and changing of plants and animals by humans.
d. gradual spread of the techniques of agriculture, and perhaps the plants and animals themselves, without the extensive movement of agricultural people.

D

Kingship in the First Civilizations
a. often emerged with women as rulers, although everywhere they were rapidly replaced by men.
b. often depended on the belief that the office of king was divinely ordained.
c. often depended in part on the authority of a written constitution.
d. relied exclusively on physical force and coercion.

B

Europeans were motivated to venture across the Atlantic Ocean for all the following reasons except
a. a series of joint international ventures between Western European powers to explore new lands.
b. their marginal position in the world of Eurasian commerce.
c. the goal of missionaries to expand the realm of Christendom.
d. rivalries between competing European states.

A

The Persian Empire and the Mauryan dynasty were similar in that both
a. defined the right of the emperor to rule through the "mandate from heaven."
b. relied on imperial spies to keep tabs on distant provinces.
c. controlled parts of eastern China.
d. ultimately evolved into republican governments.

B

The Mongol conquests in China
a. led to the unification of a divided China, with the north and south of the kingdom once again coming under the rule of one dynasty.
b. resulted in the return of North China to pasture land for Mongol herds in the 1230s through the mass deportation of settled peoples by the Great Khan Ogodei.
c. brought an end to all Chinese administrative practices and their replacement with Persian models.
d. led to the widespread conversion of Chinese subjects to Islam.

A

The political culture of classical Greek civilization was different from that of Persia because
a. only the Persian Empire offered equality for all citizens before the law.
b. Greek civilization allowed for the limited participation of women in public assemblies.
c. only Greek civilization experimented with the idea of free people running the affairs of state.
d. the Greeks relied heavily on Satraps to administer their states.

C