anatomy ch. 1-3

anatomy is to ___ as physiology is to ___.

structure, function

anatomical position

standard point of reference where a person is standing erect, with the face gazing forward (anteriorly), arms at the side, and palms facing anteriorly

homeostasis

maintaining a stable internal environment

7 characteristics of life

1. made up of cells

2. structural organization

3. detect and respond to stimuli

4. regulation/homeostasis

5. growth and development

6. reproduction

7. metabolism

4 basic processes of life

1. respiration

2. digestion

3. circulation

4. excretion

anatomy

the studios the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships

gross anatomy

can be seen with the naked eye

microscopic anatomy

can’t be seen with the naked eye (need a microscope)

physiology

the study of the function of the internal and external structures of the body

9 levels of organization (smallest to largest)

1. atom

2. molecule

3. macro molecule

4. organelle

5. cells

6. tissue

7. organ

8. organ system

9. organism

positive feedback

rare-response from effector reinforces or exaggerates the stimulus

• ex. blood clotting, pregnancy

negative feedback

response from effector decreases or inhibits stimulus

• ex. blood pressure, body temperature

enzymes and activation energy

enzymes reduce the activation energy of a reaction, but overall energy released during a reaction remains the same with or without the enzyme

enzyme

biological catalysts (also known as biocatalysts) that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms