Acids and Bases

why would you be a base when u can be an acid

Strong base

Hydroxides of G1 and G2 metals (NaOH)

Weak Base

NH3

Properties of acids

Turns blue litmus red

Sour taste

Conducts an electric current

Properties of bases

Turns red litmus blue

Bitter taste/ slippery feel

Conducts an electric current

What is an Indicator?

A substance that undergoes a readily observable colour change in response to changes in pH

What does a universal indicator show?

the degree of pH

What does phenolphthalein do?

is it a base or not

What does methyl orange show?

Is it an acid or not

Ionisation

The formation of ions that occurs when an acid (molecular electrolyte) dissolves in water

Dissociation

The separation of ions that occurs when a base (ionic electrolyte) dissolves in water

Arrhenius Acid

A substance that will ionise in solution to release hydrogen ions

Arrhenius Base

A substance that will disassociate in a solution releasing hydroxide ions

Monoprotic Acid

An acid that releases one hydrogen ion/proton per acid molecule (HCL, CH3COOH)

Polyprotic Acid

An acid that releases two or more hydrogen ions per acid molecule (H2SO4, H3PO4)

Electrolyte

A substance that produces mobile ions when dissolved in water and therefore conducts electricity

Strong Acid

An acid that completely ionises in aqueous solution (HCL, HNO3 and H2SO4)

Weak Acid

An acid that partially ionises in aqueous solution (H3PO4, CH3COOH, H2CO3)

pH

A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

Acid + Metal —>

Salt and Hydrogen Gas

Acid + Metal Hydroxide (Base) —>

Salt and water

Acid + Metal Oxide (s)—>

Salt and water

Acid and Carbonate —>

Salt + CO2 and water

Acid + Hydrogen Carbonate —>

Salt + CO2 + water

Acid + Metal Sulfite —>

Salt + water + Sulfur Dioxide

Base + Ammonium salt —>

Salt + Water + Ammonia

Base+ Non-metal Oxide —>

Salt + Water