Histology Quiz 5

walls of heart

where in the body is cardiac muscle found?

intercalated discs

specialized features of cardiac muscle cells that promote coordinated, synchronized contraction and connect cells

skeletal

what type of muscle?

cardiac

what type of muscle?

cardiac

What muscle type?

skeletal

what muscle type?

involuntary contractions in digestive and urogenital systems and blood vessels

function of smooth muscle

less powerrful

how does the power of smooth muscle contractile machinery compare to other muscle types

layers

how is smooth muscle typically arranged

long, tapering

smooth muscle cells are _____,__ with ________ ends to allow them to pack tidily into a layer

less

smooth muscle is ______ acidophilic than cardiac and skeletal

no

does smooth muscle include myofibrils or sarcomeres?

dense bodies

Specialized junctions in smooth muscle which connect both \n intermediate filament and actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells

smooth

what type of muscle?

smooth

what type of muscle?

circulate blood carrying nutrients, oxygen ect through body

function of the circulatory system

heart

propels blood through body

blood vessels

carries blood through body

blood

contains materials that need to circulate through body

endocardium

inner layer of heart walls made of epithelium and connective tissue

myocardium

middle, thickest layer of the heart made of cardiac muscle (cardiomyocytes) cells that is highly vascularized

epicardium

outer layer of the heart wall, contains embedded blood vessels and nerves often with extensive white adipose tissue

left ventricle

where is myocardium typically thickest

atria

blood enters which heart chambers from veins?

endothelium

simple squamous epithelium layer of the endocardium

no

does the myocardium contain a lot of connective tissue?

mesothelium

simple squamous epithelium layer lining epicardium

epicardium, myocardium

which heart layers?

myocardium

which heart layer?

endocardium

which heart layer?

ventricles

contract simultaneously to force blood into arteries

atria

contract simultaneously to force blood into relaxed ventricles

delay

what occurs between atrial and ventricular contractions

sinoatrial node

generates initial impulse to begin contraction

AV node

impulse signal delayed briefly here before traveling down into ventricles, thus introducing delay between atrial and ventricular contractions

purkinje fibers

specialized cardiomyocytes that conduct contractile impulse rapidly through ventricles to induce ventricular contractions

ventricles, they are larger

in which chambers can you find purkinje fibers? why?

paler cytoplasm w/o striations and only found in endocardium

how do purkinje fibers differ from typical cardiomyocytes?

intercaulated discs

what contractile structure of the heart?

purkinje fibers

what contractile structure of the heart?

CT lined w/ epithelia

what are heart valves made of?

hypertrophy

individual heart cells and nuclei enlarge in response to stress

not accompanied by increased vascularization

problem with hypertrophy

Myocardial infarction

Occur when a region of the heart is deprived of its blood supply, often due to a severe arterial blockage. Tissue is invaded by immune cells and replaced w/ fibrous tisssue

arteries

carry (typically oxygenated) blood away from heart

veins

carry (usually deoxygenated) blood back to heart

capillaries

site of gas exchange within tissues

arteries, veins

blood at high pressure in _____ and low pressure in ______

tunics

what are layers of blood vessels called

Tunica Intima

Innermost layer of blood vessel lining lumen. Present in all blood vessels bc it contains endothelium

tunica medica

middle smooth muscle layer of blood vessel

tunica adventitia

outer CT layer of blood vessel not always present in smaller vessels

inner elastic lamina

underlying layer of elastic fibers in the tunica intima of some larger vessels

prevent clotting, regulate blood flow, mediate material exchange

functions of blood vessel endothelium

muscle contraction to control vessel diameter/ bp

tunica media function

arteries, veins

_____ have more elastic fibers and a thicker tunica media because they play a more important role in regulating blood \n pressure while ________ often have a thicker, better developed adventitia to provide additional structural support

valves, veins

___ are found in _______ to prevent backflow of blood due to low pressure?

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

what blood vessel layers?

tunica intima

what blood vessel layers?

elastic arteries

\-largest arteries closest to heart

\-Aorta, pulmonary arteries, and their largest branches \n -Greatest need for smooth muscle (to regulate blood \n pressure) and flexibility (to accommodate changes in \n blood pressure and volume)

muscular arteries

large vessels branching off of elastic arteries to distribute blood to organs

arterioles

distribute blood throughout organs and tissues

tunica media

what layer is very thick in elastic arteries?

lamellae

alternating layers of smooth muscle and elastic fibers in the tunica media

muscular

in what type of artery would you find the inner elastic lamina?

vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta

order of blood flow through heart