Hormones Study Guide

This set covers key terminology and functions of the endocrine system, including various glands, hormones, and associated physical conditions based on the lecture material.

Hormones

Chemical messengers of the endocrine system.

Pituitary Gland

Referred to as the "brain" or master gland of the endocrine system which secretes trophic hormones.

Melatonin

The hormone produced by the pineal gland.

FSH; Follicle Stimulating Hormone

The hormone that causes the development of the ovum in women and the production of sperm in the testes.

Circadian rhythms

The physical, mental, and behavioral changes the body undergoes over a 24-hour cycle.

Hypothalamus

The endocrine gland that secretes neurohormones and links the endocrine system to the nervous system.

Thyroid

The endocrine gland that regulates metabolism.

Hyperthyroidism

A condition occurring when the thyroid gland is overactive; also known as thyrotoxicosis.

Parathyroid

A gland located in the neck that helps regulate calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D throughout the body.

Thymus

An endocrine gland that helps lymphocytes mature into T-cells and is part of the immune system.

Cortisol

A hormone produced by the adrenal gland that suppresses inflammation.

Pancreas

The endocrine gland that produces insulin to help regulate blood glucose levels.

Placenta

The structure known as the temporary endocrine gland.

Melasma

A skin condition that can be managed but never permanently cured.

Lactic Acid

A treatment or product that can generally be used on a client who is pregnant.

Adrenaline

A hormone that increases heart rate, expands the bronchi in the lungs, and dilates the pupils during stressful situations.

Testosterone

A hormone whose levels are typically highest in the early morning and decrease throughout the day.

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

A treatment that can be administered through topical medications, injections, or oral medications.

Hormonal acne

A condition caused by fluctuations in hormone levels that increase sebum production, inflammation, and bacteria in the follicles.

Adrenal Gland

An endocrine gland located outside of the brain that produces hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.