Studied by 0 PeopleTags & Description
Endocrine system
composed of endocrine organs and structures that produce and secrete hormones. It regulates and controls bodily functions
endocrine glands
glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream
exocrine glands
Glands that secrete substances outward through a duct and outside the body
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves
target cells
cells that have receptors for a particular hormone
target organs
organs that respond to a particular hormone
Feedback in the endocrine system
how hormone secretion is regulated
negative feedback
the affected hormone or product causes the process to slow down
positive feedback
the affected hormone or product causes the process to speed up
infundibulum
connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus
Hypothamalus
Regulates basic biological needs (ex. hunger, thirst, temperature control)
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
regulatory hormones
Control release of hormones from anterior pituitary
anterior pituitary hormones
Growth hormone (GH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin (PRL)
releasing hormones
chemical that stimulates other glands to release their hormones
inhibiting hormones
prevent synthesis and secretion of hormones from the anterior lobe
posterior pituitary gland
Does not produce its own hormones but it stores 2 hormones: oxytocin and antidiuretic.
Antidiruetic hormone (ADH)
helps control the balance of water in the body
Oxytocin (OT)
Stimulates contraction of the uterus and release of milk from breast.
adrenal medulla
secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
anterior lobe of pituitary gland
posterior lobe of pituitary gland
pars distalis
the largest and most anterior portion of the pituitary gland
pars intermedia
scant region between the pars distalis and the posterior pituitary
pars tuberalis
wraps around infundibulum
hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system
portal veins that shunt blood carrying regulatory hormones from hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
stimulates thyroid gland
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation
Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
Released by pituitary in response to CRH by hypothalamus
tropic hormones
hormones that stimulate other glands to release their hormones
Thyrotropic cells
secrete thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
gonadotropic cells
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
corticotropic cells
secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
somatotropic cells
secrete growth hormone, stimulates cell growth, and affects most body cells
Growth Hormone (GH)
regulates the growth of the body
nontropic hormones
directly stimulate cellular metabolism and other activities
Mammotropic cells
secrete prolactin (PRL)
Prolactin (PRL)
stimulates milk production
pars nervosa
posterior pituitary
infundibular stalk
connects hypothalamus to pituitary
supraoptic nucleus
part of the hypothalamus that controls the release rate of vasopressin
paraventricular nucleus
produces oxytocin
neurosecretory cells
Neurons that secrete neurohormone rather than neurotransmitter.
parafollicular cells
produce calcitonin
Calcitonin
Lowers blood calcium levels
chief cells
secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH)
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
zona glomerulosa
aldosterone
mineralocorticoids
Promote reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+ in kidneys
zona fasciculata
glucocorticoids (cortisol)
thyroid gland
produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth
follicular cell
parafollicular cell
follicle cell
Thyroglobulin
secreted by follicle cells; binds with iodine to produce T4 and T3
thyroid hormone
modulates activity of growth hormone, ensuring proper proportions
thyroid hormone precursor
Iodine
parathyroid hormone
reacts to low blood calcium levels and increases them
parathyroid gland
posterior surface of the thyroid gland
calcitriol
active form of vitamin D
adrenal gland
secrete hormones that help arouse the body in times of stress (adrenaline)
capsule of adrenal gland
#1
adrenal cortex
2
Corticosteroids
A group of hormones, including cortisol, released by the adrenal glands at times of stress
zona reticularis
produces gonadocorticoids
hypothalamus
brain region controlling the pituitary gland
chromaffin cells
the cells in the adrenal medulla that secrete epinephrine and norepinephrine
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells that transport oxygen
buffy coat
white blood cells and platelets
Plasma
Liquid part of blood
interstitial fluid
fluid between cells
Leukocytes
white blood cells
Platelets
help with blood clotting
blood smear
evaluation of the appearance and number of blood cells and the different types of white blood cells
hematocrit
percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells
Hemoglobin
Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells
globin chains
joined to heme to form a hemoglobin unit
Erythrocyte life span
120 days
antigen
A protein that, when introduced in the blood, triggers the production of an antibody
antibody
a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body
surface antigens
cell surface proteins that identify cells to immune system
ABO blood groups
based on having an A, B, both or no antigens on red blood cells
ABO blood type
2 surface antigens
