Chemical Bonds + Acids/Bases

covalent bonds

bonds where atoms share one of more pairs of electrons so that their outer shells are filled; strongest chemical bond type; more electrons shared = stronger bond

polar covalent bonds

electrons are not shared equally, they are dran towards the more electronegative atom

non-polar covalent bonds

electrons are shared equally among atoms with similar electronegativity

ionic bonds

bonds formed by a complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating ions

hydrogen bonds

electrical attraction between a covalently bonded hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom

hydrophobic interactions

the tendency for nonpolar molecules to aggregate with one another in the presence of water

acid

compound that donates protons

strong acids

ionize completely in solution, irreversible reaction,donate protons

weak acids

ionize incompletely in solution , reversible reaction, donate protons

bases

compounds that accept protons

strong bases

ionize completely in a solution, irreversible reaction, accept protons

weak bases

ionize incompletely in solution, reversible reaction, accept protons

buffer

a mixture of a weak cid and its conjugate base that resists changes to pHwhen acids or bases are added.

where does adding acid to buffer shift reaction?

towards products (right) w

where does adding base shift reaction?

towards reactants- left

relationship between pH and H+

lower pH means higher H+ concentration