Review Flashcards: Sexual Dysfunctions, Gender Dysphoria, Paraphilic Disorders, Personality Psychopathology, Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence, Neurocognitive Disorders, Law and Ethics in Abnormal Psychology

Flashcards for vocabulary review.

Gender Dysphoria

Involves a conflict between one's anatomical sex and one's psychological feeling of being male or female.

Sexual Dysfunctions

A category of disorders that can involve lack of arousal.

Paraphilic Disorder

A sexual problem focused on objects and situations that are not part of the usual pattern of affectionate sexual activity and may put the individual at risk for arrest.

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder (FSIAD)

A condition where a woman has no interest in either fantasizing or engaging in sexual activity.

Paraphilia

Persistent fantasies about having sex with non-consenting people that causes severe distress, even if unacted upon.

Transvestic Disorder

A condition where people cross-dress, typically heterosexual.

Pedophilic Disorder

Illustrates behavior when an individual repeatedly fondles a preteen child.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Symptoms that are likely to be seen in a therapist working with child victims of sexual abuse.

Sexual Masochism Disorder

Intense sexually arousing fantasies of being utterly helpless while being tied up and humiliated.

Personality Disorders

Patterns of behavior that are longstanding and rigid, greatly impairing social functioning or causing subjective distress.

Borderline Personality Disorder

Involves intense fluctuations in mood, self-image, and interpersonal relationships.

Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

The treatment of choice for persons suffering from borderline personality disorder.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Key symptoms include vagueness, digressions, and odd ideas.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

Characterized by being flamboyant, emotionally expressive, shallow, and self-centered.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Characterized by a lack of empathy, exploitation of others, arrogance, and an exaggerated sense of self-importance.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

Lacking self-confidence and fearful of criticism, leading to keeping apart from others.

Dependent Personality Disorder

Unwilling to assume responsibility, leading to staying in relationships with men who control her life.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Focused on productivity at work to the exclusion of family, demanding, controlling, and angry.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Rarely seek treatment and will not be sincere subjects.

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Episodes where an individual loses control of their aggressive impulses and assaults others.

Kleptomania

Cannot resist impulses to steal things, even though they do not use or want them.

Neurodevelopmental Disorder

Involves impaired development of the brain and central nervous system with effects on social interaction and communication.

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Characterized by impairment in social interaction/communication and restricted, stereotyped interests/activities.

Echolalia

Repeating what is heard.

ADHD- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Childhood disorder with the highest prevalence.

Down Syndrome

Identified by a single crease across the palm of the hand, slanted eyes, and a harsh voice.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Refuses to obey parents and blames others for their mistakes, but no criminal acts.

Non-suicidal self injury

The induction of bleeding, bruising or pain by means of intentional self-inflicted injury in order to improve mood or experience respite from painful feelings

Delirium

Impaired consciousness and cognition during the course of several hours or days.

Dementia

The gradual deterioration of brain functioning that affects judgement, memory, language and other cognitive processes.

Alzheimer’s disease

Specific type of dementia, while depression is not. It is characterized by progressive cognitive decline, particularly affecting memory and thinking skills, and is caused by specific brain changes, such as the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles.

Short term memory loss

One of the early signs of dementia.

Sundowner Syndrome

Cognitive disturbances worsen in the late afternoon or evening. Commonly observed in middle to late stages of Alzheimer’s.

Alzheimer’s disease

Associated with the formation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain

Amnestic disorder

Main deficit is an inability to form new memories freely chosen

Insanity

A legal concept and a number of different standards are used as legal tests.

Tarasof ruling

Question raised is how can a therapist decide whether a client is competent to stand trial?

M'Naghten Rule

Illustrates the fact that at the time of the crime, he did not know right from wrong

Durham (1954) decision

Suggested that insanity was a product of mental disease or defect as defined by mental health professionals

Insanity Define Reform Act of 1984

Based the definition of insanity totally on the individual's ability to understand his or her actions separate the issue of mental illness from individual responsibility for their actions

Civil commitment

Involuntary confinement of a person perceived to be a threat to self or to others, even though no crime has been committed

Addington v. Texas

An attorney says this to a judge in a civil commitment case: 'Your honor, the Supreme Court in 1979 ruled that we cannot deny people their liberty by committing them to mental institutions involuntarily unless we have 'clear and convincing evidence' that they are mentally ill and potentially dangerous.'

Least Restrictive form of treatment

May not be forced to engage in work-related activities aimed at maintaining the institution in which they live

O'Connor v. Donaldson

Affirmed the right of the mentally ill to receive appropriate treatment and also asserted that physicians and institutions are liable for improper confinements?

confidentiality

The ethical standard that protects clients from disclosure of information without their consent

Tarasof v. Regents of the University of California

Legal precedents for the case where Mr. P. told his therapist that he intends to shoot his ex-wife's new husband, and the therapist kept this information confidential. Lawyers are now suing the therapist because Mr. P. did shoot the new husband, as well as his ex-wife.

the duty-to-warn principle

'Protective privilege ends where public peril begins' summarizes

parens patriae

The government has authority, which is the power to commit disturbed individuals for their own best interest.