Blood & Hematology Kahoot Study Quiz Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering blood components, plasma proteins, leukocytes, hemostasis, blood typing, and hematology reference ranges based on the Kahoot study quiz.

Blood Components

The main constituents of whole blood, including plasma, red blood cells, and white blood cells.

Formed Elements of Blood

The cellular components of blood, which include erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.

Plasma

The liquid top layer of centrifuged blood making up about $55\%$ of whole blood, composed of approximately $91\%$ water.

Plasma Proteins

Proteins dissolved in blood plasma, including albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen.

Albumin

The most abundant plasma protein ($60\%$ of plasma proteins) responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure.

Thrombin

The enzyme that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin during blood clot formation.

Hematocrit

The percentage of total blood volume normally occupied by red blood cells.

Buffy Coat

The thin middle layer formed after blood centrifugation containing leukocytes and platelets.

Granular Leukocytes

White blood cells containing cytoplasmic granules, consisting of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Agranular Leukocytes

White blood cells without cytoplasmic granules, consisting of monocytes and lymphocytes.

Monocyte

An agranular leukocyte known for differentiating into wandering macrophages.

Neutrophil

The most numerous leukocyte ($50\text{--}70\%$ of WBCs) that increases in count during bacterial infections.

Eosinophil

A granular leukocyte that increases during parasitic infections.

Basophil

The rarest granular leukocyte, which releases histamine during allergic reactions.

Lymphocytes

Agranular leukocytes that include T-cells and B-cells responsible for immune responses.

Erythropoietin (EPO)

A hormone primarily produced by the kidneys in response to low blood oxygen levels that acts on red bone marrow to stimulate RBC production.

Red Bone Marrow

The primary site of red blood cell production in the body.

Erythrocyte Lifespan

The approximate functional lifespan of a red blood cell, which is $90\text{--}120\,\text{days}$.

Spleen

The organ known as the graveyard of RBCs, where old or damaged red blood cells are destroyed.

Hemoglobin

The iron-containing protein in RBCs that carries most body oxygen, capable of binding up to $4$ oxygen molecules per molecule.

Testosterone

A hormone capable of increasing red blood cell production.

Hemostasis

The physiological process of stopping bleeding from a damaged blood vessel.

Vasospasm

The first step of hemostasis, characterized by immediate vascular constriction.

Platelet

A formed element pinched off from megakaryocytes that adheres to damaged blood vessels.

Coagulation

The process of forming an insoluble blood clot.

Calcium

The essential ion ($\text{Ca}^{2+}$) required for blood clotting.

Liver

The organ responsible for producing most of the blood clotting factors.

Fibrin

The insoluble protein fiber that forms the structural meshwork of a blood clot.

Megakaryocyte

The precursor cell in red bone marrow from which platelets are pinched off.

Plasmin

An enzyme that breaks down fibrin to dissolve blood clots.

Intrinsic Coagulation Pathway

The clotting pathway initiated when platelets stick to exposed collagen.

Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway

The clotting pathway initiated by external tissue damage.

Blood Type A

Blood type characterized by A antigens on erythrocytes and anti-B antibodies in plasma.

Blood Type O

Blood type characterized by having neither A nor B antigens on erythrocytes.

Universal Donor

Blood type $\text{O}^-$, which lacks A, B, and Rh antigens and can be transfused to any recipient.

Universal Recipient

Blood type AB, which can receive blood from all blood types.

Rh Transfusion Compatibility

An Rh+ individual can receive Rh- blood, whereas an Rh- individual cannot receive Rh+ blood.

Agglutination

The clumping of red blood cells when specific antibodies bind to corresponding cell antigens.

Antigen

A molecular substance that stimulates an immune response.

AB+ Plasma Antibodies

Plasma of blood type AB+ contains neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies.

Normal WBC Count

The standard physiological concentration of leukocytes in blood, ranging from 4,500\text{--}11,000\,\text{cells/\mu L}.

Leukocytosis

A condition characterized by an elevated white blood cell count above $11,000/\mu\text{L}$.