PHILIPPINE POPULAR CULTURE Midterm CS

Social Class

A group of people within a society who possess the same socioeconomic status.

Lower Class

A large group of people who live along or below the poverty line and generally lack the means to meet basic necessities.

Middle Class

The largest and most diverse group of people who live along and beyond the poverty line, with income sufficient to provide basic necessities. (also called working class)

Upper Class

A small group of people who live beyond the poverty line, possessing the means to gain all basic necessities and live in luxury.

Caste System

A social class system, notably the Indian caste system, divided into major groups with subdivisions.

Datu

The highest position in pre-colonial Filipino society, leading the barangay.

Babaylan

The highest religious position in pre-colonial Filipino society, often held by women and homosexual men.

Maharlika

Composed of feudal lords in pre-colonial Filipino society, allied with each other.

Maginoo

People who served as vassals under the maharlika.

Timawa

People who lived freely and served the land in pre-colonial Filipino society, including ordinary folk, scholars, and merchants.

Aliping Namamahay

Workers of the land in the pre-colonial Filipino caste system, similar to peasants.

Aliping Saguiguilid

The lowest group in the pre-colonial Filipino caste system, comprising actual slaves.

Casta System

The Spanish-influenced caste system in the Philippines, which put colonizers on top and Filipinos at the bottom.

Indio

A term used to refer to Filipinos in the Spanish casta system.

Sangley

A term used to refer to Chinese people in the Spanish casta system.

Peninsulares

Spaniards from the Iberian Peninsula, holding the most power in the Spanish casta system.

Mestizaje

People with mixed heritage in the Spanish casta system.

Mestizo de Español

Highest of the mestizaje, offspring of a Filipino and a Spaniard.

Tornatras

Term used to classify a mestizo de Español with Chinese blood, a mestizo de Sangley with Spanish blood, or someone with Spanish and Chinese blood.

Mestizo de Bombay

People with Filipino and Indian heritages.

Mestizo de Sangley

People with Filipino and Chinese heritages.

Cronyism

The partial treatment of a leader to his associates by giving them high positions in a system.

Nepotism

The partial treatment of a leader to his family and friends by giving them high positions in a system.

Desaparecidos

Martial Law victims that are still missing to this day.

Sex

refers to the biological trait that determines one's reproductive function.

Gender

a spectrum of characteris of women, men, boys, and girls that are socially constructed, of which it includes norms behaviors.

Sexual Orientation

The term used to describe one's inclination to another person in terms of romance, emotions, and/or sexual urges.

Androphilia

The term used to describe one's attraction to men and/or masculinity.

Gynephilia

The term used to describe one's attraction to women and/or femininity.

Bisexual

People who experience both androphilia and gynephilia.

Pansexual

People who are attracted to all people regardless of sexual orientation.

Asexual

People with no sexual attraction to other sexual orientations or genders.

Gender Identity

The term used to describe one's self-evaluation regarding their gender.

Cisgender

People whose gender is identified with the sex they are born in.

Transgender

People whose gender is identified with the notion that they were born in the wrong sex.

Genderqueer (Queer)

People whose gender does not fall into either cis or trans categories.

Agender

People who chose to be ____ because, in their perspective, there is no one gender that can describe them.

Non binary

People who do not strictly conform to the categories of sexual orientation nor to the categories of gender identity.

Gender expression

The term used to describe how people express their gender through actions, mannerisms, and even through fashion choices.

Masculinity

The expression whose qualities or attributes are regarded as characteristically male.

Femininity

The expression whose qualities or attributes are regarded as characteristically female.

Androgyny

The expression of both male and female qualities or attributes.

Race

is the idea that the human species is divided into distinct groups based on their shared inherited physical and behavioral differences.

Appropriation

defined as the conscientious act of taking something for one's own gain, usually without the expressed permission from the owner

Peace studies

an interdisciplinary field that cements itself on the studies on political science, sociology, history, anthropology, theology, and many more.

Contemporary

Defined as anything existing or happening within the same period.

Trend

Means either a prevailing inclination, a general movement, or a current preference.

Contemporary Trends

Are current preferences occurring within the same time period.

Flops (or Bombs)

Popular culture icons that did not meet the standards for them to be considered successful.

Fads

Popular culture icons that gain a significant following, but they do not last long and can be replaced by the next "big thing".

Sleeper Hits

Popular culture icons that started out as weak but became famous over time.

Blockbuster (or Widely Acclaimed)

Things that are so well-liked by everybody it leaves a lasting impression on them, and when they become part of popular culture, sometimes they are memorialized for their expressed qualities, such as aesthetics, creativity, and impact, among others.

Cult Following

Some popular culture icons that cater only to certain subcultures because these subcultures deem that only they show appreciation to these icons and these icons gain a cult following because of the fans' devotion to them.

Parodies

Designed to imitate or satirize something using the same form.

Sampling

A reuse of a particular song's portion in another recording.

Remixing

Defined as a variant of an original recording made through rearrangement of the piece or by adding more layers to the original piece.

Celebrity

Defined as the state of being celebrated.