Earth and space 2nd topic

ASVAB

The earth structure is made up of 3 parts

1. The (outermost layer/ crust ) beneath the crust lies the

2. (Mantle) it contains mostly iron, magnesium and calcium

3. At the center of the earth lies the (core) which has to distinct parts

4. ( the liquid outer core)

5. (the solid inner core)

what is the estimated temperature of earths core?

Between 3,000*c and 4,000*c

What prevents earth’s internal heat from escaping?

The crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle (the lithosphere)

what are the approximately 30 separate pieces of the lithosphere called, and how do they move?

they called plates and they move very slowly

what cause earthquakes?

Plates sliding relative to each other along fault lines

How has the asthenosphere influenced continental landmasses

It more moveable mantle beneath has caused continental landmasses to drift slowly apart over hundreds of millions of years.

What is used to measure earthquakes intensity?

The Richter scale or Moment magnitude scale.

How old is earth?

earth is approximately 4.6 billion years old

The period from 4.6 billion years to 570 million years ago is called the

Precambrian eon, meaning the period before the record began

However early geologists who studied the precambrian eon were unable to recognize early, primitive fossils so how early did life actually first appear?

As early as 3.5 billion years ago!

How does the water cycle work and what is the order?

1. water Evaporates / Transpiration from the trees/leaves

2. the water vapor Condenses/Condensation from clouds, when the clouds become to heavy,

3. Precipitation occurs making the water to fall

4. water then accumulates becoming Runoff water that returns to the ocean via rivers and streams.

5. The rest of the water is absorbed in the earth’s surface called Infiltration

that does The carbon cycle do?

helps Maintain earth’s ecosystem, Carbon gas exchange is important in maintaining a Breathable atmosphere

Carbon is released through

Human (respiration) and human manufacturing called (Emissions) and decomposition

How to carbon cycle works in order

1. Co2 in the atmosphere

2. absorbed through photosynthesis

3. into organic compounds in plants

4. ingestion and digestion in animals

5. into organic compounds in animals and their co2 in the atmosphere

Earth’s atmosphere layers Lowest to highest

1. troposphere Lowest

2. Stratosphere

3. Mesosphere

4. Thermosphere Highest

To remember

The / Snow / Makes / Things Exciting

what is right under the stratosphere?

the ozone layer

what is the purpose for the ozone layer?

It is responsible for absorbing much of the ultraviolet radiation from the sun

what is a warm front? and what kind of weather does is typically produce?

A warm front occurs when a warm air mass overtakes a cold air mass.

As the warm air rises over the colder, heavier air, its water vapor condenses into clouds. This can produce rain, snow, sleet, or freezing rain - often all four.

What is a cold front? and what weather changes are associated with it?

A cold front occurs when a cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass. Most cold fronts are preceded by a line of preceded by a line of precipitation as they move across an area . some cold fronts produce very little or no precipitation, with the only sign being a sudden change in winds and temperature.

stationary front

Sometimes 2 air masses meet and neither is displaced. Instead , the 2 fronts push against each other in a stalemate. which is called a stationary front , they often cause cloudy, wet weather that can last a week or more

Stratus clouds

They are low-hanging / flat clouds that blanket the sky. lowest of low clouds, when they occur on the ground they are called fog. Dark stratus indicate that rain wil soon occur - Basic clouds .

Cumulus clouds

Are massive clouds, puffy like popcorn. when cumulus clouds darken, you can expect heavy rain - massive clouds .

Cirrus Clouds

They are thin wispy clouds that occur much higher in the atmosphere - thinner and higher in the atmosphere.

The sun

Is a G2V star / Yellow dwarf

G2 means it yellow and contains iron, magnesium, calcium.

the V indicates that the sun is a dwarf

It is calculated that the sun is 4.7 million years old which is slightly older than the earth itself.

The four planets closets to the sun is

SUN.).> Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

they are called Terrestrial planets, meaning they are similar to our planet in composition.

What is the largest terrestrial planet?

The Earth

The 4 planets beyond mars is

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and. Neptune

They are referred to as the outer planets, they all have rings around them

What is the order of the solar system ?

SUN ). Mercury. , Venus , Earth. , Mars. , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , Neptune

TO remember the order

My / Very / Educated / Mother / Just / Served / Us / Nachos

\ ____Inner planets_______/ \_____outer planets ______/

The solar system contains thousands of small bodies such as

Asteroids and comets

Smaller fragments of asteroids and particles shed by comets are known as

Meteoroids. (Oids)

If meteoroids were to fall into the earth’s gravitational field, they are seen as ?

(falling stars) called meteors

If the meteors makes it to the earths surface they are called ?

Meteorites (Rites)

what is between Mars and Jupiter

The asteroid belt

Beyond the outer planets is the

Kuiper belt

By far the most important body in the solar system aside from the sun is ?

Our own Moon , because of the moon we have tides.

High tides occur

2 times a day , life would never have evolved on land without constant ebbing and flowing of the oceanic tides on the coastal areas because of the moon.

Earth orbits the sun?

Once per year, and the earth is tilted on an axis

Composition of earth’s atmosphere

Oxygen accounts for approximately 21% of the earth’s atmosphere

Nitrogen makes up about 78% of the atmosphere.

A solar eclipse occurs when

The moon passes directly between the earth and the sun. During daylight hours , solar eclipse are brief and move across the face of the earth rapidly/

A lunar eclipse occurs when

The earth passes directly between the sun and the moon and casts a shadow on the moon . A lunar eclipse can be seen from any place on earth where the moon is above the horizon, lunar eclipse last much longer than the solar eclipse.

This rock was formed by the Harding of molten rock ( magma/lava)

Igneous rock

Granite, Pumice, basalt, Obsidian are example of ?

Igneous rock

This rock was formed by gradual depositing, over time becomes cemented together

Sedimentary rock

Shale, sandstone, gypsum, dolomite, coal are examples of

Sedimentary rock

fossils are mostly found in what rock

Sedimentary Rock

What rock is formed when existing rock material is altered through temperature , pressure , or chemical processes?

Metamorphic Rock

marble, slate, gneiss, quartzite are examples of

Metamorphic rock