Last units of Bio 204

species are more likely to be invasive if

-they have a high fecundity

-selfing

-there is a lack of natural predators

What species are unlikely to be able to shift geographical

acclimate

behavior flexibility as a mechanism for cooing with climate change

how do humans affect the biogeographic filter

because humans move species around they get rid of the biogeographic filter

physiological filter

can a species survive in that area

explain this graph : graph with black and white ball

left is a native community the right is dominated by either native species or a combination of both native and invasive species. Restoration can be represented by an arrow going back to the left.

explain physiological graph

this is to determine the region where a species can grow. For this species, it can grow in an environment with little rain and lower elevations

r vs K species

r species produce many babies with very little parental care a K species will have very few offspring with a lot of care. r species can invade easier

Local assemblage

this is also called a top down affect where a species becomes a new predator and can cause detrimental affects to local species.

-competition is another factor in this

phenotypic plasticity

when an individual is able to adjust to new conditions either through behavior or physically

what are some of the effects of agriculture on the environment

-drug resistance

-hormone disruption

-decline of bee populations (specifically from fungicides)

urban homogenization

human influenced invasions and common urban challenges cause biodiversity of cities to become increasingly more alike

evolutionary responses to climate change

phenotypic changes- such as ladybugs getting darker

what is a protist

-Usually unicellula r

-Often aquatic• Membrane‐bound nucleus, -linear DNA, internal membranes • Motile via cilia, flagella, or amoeboid motion

- Sexual and asexual

What makes a protist stand out from everything else?

nothing, a protist is the oldest eukaryote that is anything that isnt a plant animal or fungi

5 major eukaryotic groups

1.Archaeplastida

2.SAR supergroup

3.Excavata

4.Amoebozoa

5.Opisthokona

what is malaria

a protist

how do biologists believe a nuclear envelope developed

the nuclear envelope is what divides other eukaryotes and protists

this could've been through a nuclear plasma membrane infolding on itself

this created endoplasmic reticulum

bees are postivily effected as opposed to butterflies because by urban structures because

people keep bees, there are less fungicides in the urban areas,

how did plants come to be?

vascular tissue.

cuticle and stomata

seeds

have an embryo

goes dormant until conditions are favorable

different ways plants reproduce

-moss way, requires water for reproduction

-angiosperms- double fertilization allows for pollen dispersal and does not require water

why did angiosperms radiate so quickly

unoccupied niches

what process best describes a eukaryotic cell engulfing another eukaryote

secondary endosymbiosis

Fungi and animal commonalities

chitin,flagella,glycogen

What event caused the rapid development of animals

cambrian explosion

key characteristics of animals

-no cell walls

Protosome vs Deuterosome development

protosome- mouth parts develop first

deuterosome- butt develops first

how do animals intake nutrients

they are ingestive heterotrophs

diploblast vs triploblast

tripoblast has three layers-mesoderm,endoderm and ectoderm

diploblast- two layers and no mesoderm

three types of coelum presentation

coelomates- lined with mesoderm and have a closed coelum

-aceolomates-have no coelum

-pseudocoelomates only lined with mesoderm

what are the advantages of a coelom

it allows an animal to move,it can protect an animal from shock

types of symmatry

radial-can be split into 4ths

bilateral-can be split in half

Benefits of radial symmetry

-easier movement

-easier to find prey

-seek shelter

Hox genes

series of genes that controls the differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo

Oviparous

egg laying

viviparous

live birth

differences between viruses and living organisms

they can have double or single stranded dna

-they do not have a plasma membrane

-they have no metabolic capabilities

-they can not carry out translation independently

how biologists study viruses

Culture or Infectivity Assays Genome Sequencing Nucleic Acid Detection Assays Serology (Antibody) Assays Microscopy Assays

most viruses are present in

the sediments