10th Honors Lit Final

What does the CRAP test evaluate for source credibility?

Currency, Relevancy, Authority, and Accuracy.

What does "Currency" mean in the CRAP test?

Currency evaluates how recent or up-to-date the information is.

What does "Relevancy" mean in the CRAP test?

Relevancy assesses whether the information is related to the topic or question.

What does "Authority" mean in the CRAP test?

Authority considers the credibility and qualifications of the author or source.

What does "Accuracy" mean in the CRAP test?

Accuracy determines whether the information is reliable, truthful, and free of errors.

What are the main types of evidence?

Expert opinion, facts, data/statistics, and anecdotes.

What is bias in an argument?

Bias is a preconceived or unfair preference for or against something that affects objectivity.

What is a claim in an argument?

A claim is the main argument or thesis of the text.

What is a topic sentence?

A topic sentence introduces the main idea of a paragraph.

How do you cite a quote in an argument?

Use quotation marks and include the source or author (e.g., according to [Author]).

What is a direct quote?

A direct quote is using the exact words from a source with quotation marks.

What is paraphrasing?

Paraphrasing is rewording or summarizing information from a source in your own words.

What is a counterargument?

A counterargument is an opposing viewpoint to the claim being made.

What is a rebuttal?

A rebuttal is a response to a counterargument that disproves or refutes it.

What does SOAPSTone stand for in rhetorical analysis?

Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker, and Tone.

What are the three rhetorical appeals?

Logos (logic), Ethos (credibility), and Pathos (emotion).

What is an either/or fallacy?

Presenting two options as the only possibilities when others exist.

What is the bandwagon fallacy?

Assuming something is true or correct because everyone else believes or does it.

What is a slippery slope fallacy?

Arguing that one event will lead to a chain of events without evidence.

What is a hasty generalization fallacy?

Making a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence.

What is diction?

The author's word choice that conveys tone or meaning.

What is syntax?

The arrangement of words and phrases to create sentences.

What is repetition?

The repeated use of words or phrases for emphasis

What is anaphora?

Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.

What is epistrophe?

Repetition of a word or phrase at the end of successive clauses

What is an analogy?

A comparison between two things to explain or clarify an idea

What is juxtaposition?

Placing two contrasting ideas or images close together for effect.

What is an oxymoron?

Combining opposite words that reveal a truth (e.g., bittersweet).

What is antithesis?

Opposite ideas in a parallel grammatical structure (e.g., "small step for man, giant leap for mankind").

What is parallelism?

Repetition of similar grammatical structures for rhythm or emphasis.

What is an allusion?

A reference to a well-known person, place, event, literary work, or work of art.

What is apostrophe in literature?

A direct address to an absent or imaginary person, an inanimate object, or an abstract idea.ex. “O death, where is thy sting?” — The Bible, 1 Corinthians 15:55

What is characterization?

The process by which an author reveals a character's personality, traits, and motivations.

What is connotation?

The emotional or cultural associations a word carries beyond its literal meaning.

What is denotation?

The literal, dictionary definition of a word.

What is hyperbole?

A deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or effect.

What is imagery?

Descriptive language that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch).

What is irony? Name the three types.

Irony is when the opposite of what is expected occurs.

Dramatic irony: The audience knows something the characters do not.

Situational irony: A surprising and unexpected outcome occurs.

Verbal irony: Saying one thing but meaning another (sarcasm is a form of verbal irony).

What is a simile?

A comparison between two things using "like" or "as."

What is a metaphor?

A direct comparison between two things without using "like" or "as."

What is personification?

Giving human qualities to non-human things.

What is point of view in literature?

The perspective from which a story is told (e.g., first person, third person limited, third person omniscient).

What is a symbol?

An object, character, or event that represents a deeper meaning or idea.

What is a theme?

The central message, idea, or insight explored in a text.

What is the Reader Response lens?

Focuses on the reader's interpretation and how their experiences influence their understanding of a text.

What is the Formalistic lens?

Examines the structure, style, and form of the text itself, focusing on literary elements like plot, imagery, and symbolism.

What is the Critical Race lens?

Analyzes how race and power dynamics are depicted and how they influence the story.

What is the Post-Colonial lens?

Explores the effects of colonialism and imperialism on cultures, identities, and societies in a text.

What is the Gender lens?

Examines how gender roles and relationships are represented and critiqued in the text.

What is the Social Political/Marxist lens?

Explores social and economic inequalities, class struggle, and power dynamics within the text.

What is the Psychological lens?

Focuses on characters' motivations, desires, and psychological states, often using Freudian or Jungian theories.

What is the Philosophical/Spiritual lens?

Examines the moral, ethical, and spiritual questions raised by the text.

asyndeton

the removal of conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses to create a concise, impactful expression. ex. “I came, I saw, I conquered.” — Julius Caesar

polysyndeton

the use of extra conjunctions (like "and" or "but") in a list to make it feel slower or more dramatic.. ex. “He ran and jumped and laughed for joy.”

Hypophora

a rhetorical device where a speaker asks a question and then immediately answers it. ex. “What makes a king out of a slave? Courage!” — The Lion King

Litote

a figure of speech that employs understated or negative phrasing to express a strong idea, often using double negatives. ex.“She’s not unkind.” (meaning she is kind)