lang common rhetorical choices

exigence

stimulus that causes the speaker to a reaction for an immediate need to make the text

purpose

goal outcome/reaction of text; verb that leads to argument

message

suggesting content matter of text; general topic and idea thru a phrase or key words

audience

intended listeners, influenced by rhetorical situation and can be implied by the context

how to spot audience

appeal to pathos

writer/speaker

creator of text, which their argument is through their lens to affect how the audience understand the text

how to spot writer/speaker

appeal to reader's ethos thru showing authority, values, and needs

context

time, place, climate; to understand issues or potential risks (historical, cultural, political)

tone

describes author's attitude towards material, audience, or both; uses adj & appeal to pathos

diction

creates tone thru word choice; understand how it complements purpose, ___ (adj) diction

imagery

creates tone, descriptive thru 5 senses

analogy

comparison to explain and make a point

juxtaposition

2 words, ideas, phrases placed closely for contrast

hyperbole

amplification; exaggeration thru a phrase

enumeration

amplification; listing items in order

irony

amplification; language that normally means opposite, for humorous/emphatic effect

parallel structure

amplification; similar sentence structure of related words, phrases, clauses

anaphora

amplification; parallel structure where same words are repeated in beginning of lines, clauses, sentences

hypophora

figure of reasoning which question is asked and answered by same speaker; used in paragraphs or in audience's mind

rhetorical question

hypophora, but question isn't answered cuz answer is obvious; used for effect

allusion

direct/indirect reference to something commonly known

anecdote

short and real story as evidence to support claim

appeals

ways speaker connects w audience to persuade to believe argument, the EFFECTS of a rhet choice

ethos

authority, credibility, or shared values; to build trust

logos

logic and reason; facts, stats, data

pathos

emotion; thru intentional wording