Spermatogenesis and Sperm Deposition

This set covers the stages of spermatogenesis, sperm anatomy, deposition processes, and seminal composition based on lecture notes.

Spermatogenesis

The production of spermatozoa (male gamete) which occurs in the seminiferous tubules.

Spermatocytogenesis

Phase 1 of spermatogenesis characterized by the proliferation of spermatogonia stem cells through mitotic divisions.

Spermiogenesis

Phase 3 of spermatogenesis involving differentiation and no cell divisions; it creates spermatozoa capable of being motile.

Primary spermatocytes

The longest lived germ cells in the spermatogenesis process, which are diploid ($2n$) and undergo meiosis 1.

Secondary spermatocytes

Short-lived germ cells that exist for less than $2$ days and undergo meiosis 2 to become spermatids.

Spermiation

The release of spermatozoa from the Sertoli cells.

Acrosome

A membrane-bound structure in the sperm head containing hydrolytic enzymes.

Mid piece

The portion of the sperm tail that contains the mitochondrial helix and provides the energy required to drive the tail.

Axoneme

A structure found throughout the sperm tail consisting of central filaments, microtubules, and coarse fibres.

Semen

The substance formed when sperm mixes with seminal plasma during emission.

Emission

The stage of sperm deposition where sperm moves through the vas deferens and mixes with seminal plasma.

Sigmoid flexure

The anatomical structure in the Bull, Ram, and Boar that straightens during erection due to the relaxation of the retractor muscle.

Ergothioneine

A biochemical component in seminal plasma that provides protection as an antioxidant.

Citric acid

A component of seminal plasma that provides osmotic pressure.

Pre sperm

The fraction of semen released to lubricate and clean the urethra.

Post sperm

The final fraction of semen which forms a gel fraction in boars and stallions.

Fructose

The energy source provided in the seminal plasma for the Bull, ram, boar, and dog.

Glucose

The energy source provided in the seminal plasma specifically for the stallion.

Intercellular bridges

The connections between developing cells during the spermatogenesis process.

Spermatogonia

Stem cells located in the basal compartment that undergo mitotic divisions into three types: A, I (intermediate), and B.