Lesson 1: Infodump Central

guys idk adenosine triphosphate

Petals

• Modified leaves of a flower.

Stamens and Carpals

• Reproductive parts, male and female respectively.

Node

• Where a leaf/branch emerges from the stem

Internode

• Space between one node and another

Apical Bud

• The plant’s tip which grows continuously lateral.

Auxiliary Bud

• Grows into lateral branches, leaves, and sometimes flowers.

Blade

• Edge of the leaf

Petiole

• The smaller herbaceous stem of a leaf.

Importance of plants to Science and society:

1.  Food

2.  Medicine

3.  Fuel

4.  Housing & construction mat’l

5.  Accessories, clothing and cosmetics

6.  Contribution to aesthetics and man’s understanding of natural beauty

7.  Inspiration to the arts and Humanities

8.  Improvement of urban Ecology

9.  Conservation of biodiversity

10.  Buffer to changing Climate

Food, Medicine, Fuel, Aesthetics

Importance of plants to Science and society:

Characteristics of Life

• Composed of cells

• Different levels of organization

• Reproduce

• Use energy

• Respond to their environment

• Grow and develop

• Adapt to their environment

Plants

• Made up of cellulose

• Have a single nucleus

• Has stem roots, and leaves

• Chlorophyll for photosynthesis

• Reproduce by seeds (usually)

Plant Characteristics

• Capable of photosynthesis [Autotroph, Botany (Lec)] [USUALLY]

• Cell wall has cellulose, while fungi has a chitin

• Has two adult forms

1. Adult plant with spores that produces new plant

2. Adult plants that produce the sperm and the egg.

• Have multicellular embryos protected within female parents.

Spore-Producing Plants

• Produce spores for reproduction

• Much smaller than seeds

• Almost all flowerless plants produce spores

• Mosses and ferns

Morphology

• Study of plant structure and form

Anatomy

• Study of INTERNAL structure of plants

Taxonomy

• Classification and naming of plants

Physiology

• Study of plant functions and processes

Ecology

• Interaction of plants with their environment.

Genetics

• Study of heredity and variation in plants

Cytology

• Study of plant cells and their functions
  [NOT Plant Cell Biology from Botany (Lec)]

Paleobotany

• Study of fossil plants

Pharmaceutical Botany 

• Is a scientific discipline that studies plants of medicinal importance focusing on their classification, morphology, anatomy, and physiology to understand and utilize their  therapeutic properties for health and medicine.

Paleobotany

• study of Fossils of Plants, contribute to the study of plant evolution.

Charophyceae

• is a green algae and is the closest relative of land plants.

Dissection Microscope (aka Stereomicroscope) 

• For lower magnification viewing of larger specimens and dissection.

Microscope Slides and Cover Slips

• For preparing specimens for microscopic observation.

Stains

• For highlighting specific structures within cells.

Burettes

• For precise dispensing of liquids, often used in titrations.

Dissection Needles/Foreceps

• For manipulating and dissecting plant samples

Plant Press

• For drying and preserving plant specimens for herbarium collections.

Collection Bottles

• For collecting and storing plant specimens

Incubators

• For maintaining optimal temperature and humidity for plant growth or microbial cultures

Water Bath

• For controlled heating of samples

Hot Plates

• For heating solutions

Centifuge

• For separating components of a solution based on density

Autoclave

• For sterilizing equipment and media

Spectrophotometer

• For measuring the absorbance of light  through a solution, useful for pigment analysis or other quantitative measurements.

Laminar Airflow

• Creates sterile environment for working with sensitive plant cultures or tissues

Growth Chambers

• Controlling environmental condition for plant growth experiments

Soxhlet Apparatus

• For extracting specific compounds for plant material

Cell Wall

• cellulose-based covering outside the cell membrane

Cellulosic

• basically NOT chitin (fungi) and NOT peptidoglycan (bacteria).

3 Layers of Cell Wall

Primary, Secondary, Middle Lamella

Plant Life Cycle

Seed, Cotyledon, Seedling, Adult Plant, Flower then back to Seed