Lab Tests and Stains & Inclusion Bodies

what does an acid fast stain detect?

mycobacterium

what is acid fastness?

a property that gives a bacterium the ability to resist decolorization by acids during staining

what is ASO titer?

blood test to detect streptococcus pyrogenes

what are illnesses caused by streptococcus pyrogenes

strep throat, erysipelas, rheumatic fever, glomerulonephritis, impetigo and scarlet fever

what is a blood agar?

growth medium to detect and differentiate hemolytic bacteria based on blood cell destruction

what does a catalase test differentiate?

catalase + staphylococcus from catalase - streptococcus

what is catalase?

an enzyme that detoxifies hydrogen peroxide by breaking it down into water and oxygen

what is chocolate agar?

growth medium to detect fastidious organisms, such as neisseria gonorrhea

what is the AKA for chocolate agar?

thayer martin agar or heated blood agar

what is a coagulase test?

test to differentiate + coagulase staphylococcus from - coagulase staphylococcus species

what is coagulase?

enzyme that clots blood plasma

what is a coliform test?

test for water bacterial contamination specifically e.coli

what is a coombs test?

blood test to detect antibodies against red blood cells, tests for RBC antigens

what are coombs test used to diagnose?

blood related conditions such as hemolytic anemia

what is dick test?

skin test to determine susceptibility of scarlet fever

what is an elisa test?

blood test to detect HIV infection

what is needed to confirm HIV infection?

western blot

what is most commonly used to check the health of the immune system after HIV infection?

CD4 count

what does a giemsa stain detect?

protozoa

what is a gram stain?

differentiates gram positive and gram negative bacteria

what are the 6 gram positive bacteria?

bacillus, listeria, clostridium, corynebacterium, staphylococcus, streptococcus

what is an HLA B27 test?

blood test to detect the protein human leukocyte antigen B27 and indicates seronegative arthritis

what is hektoen agar?

growth medium to differentiate shigella and salmonella

what is MacConkey agar?

growth medium to differentiate lactose + and lactose - bacteria

what is mannitol salt agar?

growth medium to detect staphylococcus organisms

what is sabouraud agar?

growth medium to detect fungi

what is a schick test?

blood test to detect diphtheria

what is a schultz-charlton test?

skin test to determine susceptibility of scarlet fever

what is a weil felix test?

blood test to diagnose all rickettsia organisms except coxiella burnetii

what is a western blot test?

blood test to confirm a positive HIV infection, also used to detect lyme disease

what is a tzanck smear?

skin test to examine alterted epithelial cells

what are the special tests for syphilis?

kline test

wasserman reaction

VDRL test

darkfield microscopy

what are the skin tests for tuberculosis?

mantoux test/tine test and PPD

what is the acid fast stain for tuberculosis?

ziehl nielson staining

what is seen on an xray of a patient with tuberculosis?

gohn lesion

what are the special tests for mononucleosis?

heterophile antibody test, blood smear

what are inclusion bodies?

aggregates of virus particles or proteins or special structures characteristic of infection

what are the inclusion bodies for rheumatic fever?

aschoff bodies

what are the inclusion bodies for diphtheria?

babes ernst granules

what are the inclusion bodies for viral hepatitis?

councilman cells

what are the inclusion bodies for mononucleosis?

downey cells

what are the inclusion bodies for tuberculosis?

gohn lesions

what are the inclusion bodies for smallpox?

guarnieri bodies

what are the inclusion bodies for tertiary syphilis?

gumma spots/lesions

what are the inclusion bodies for measles?

koplik spots

what are the inclusion bodies for old age pigment/brown’s atrophy?

lipofuscin

what are the inclusion bodies for Parkinson’s?

lewy bodies

what are the inclusion bodies for alcohol-induced hepatites?

mallory bodies

what are the inclusion bodies for rabies?

negri bodies

what are the inclusion bodies for Hodgkin’s lymphoma?

reed sternberg cells

what are the inclusion bodies for multiple myeloma?

russell bodies