Reversible Growth Disorder III

Thyroid Hyperplasia

A form of endocrine hyperplasia caused by prolonged stimulation of the thyroid gland due to iodine deficiency.

compensatory hyperplasia

Kind of hyperplasia caused by loss of one kidney

cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia

The abnormal enlargement of the kidney to compensate can be ______ and _____

new units

Functional Units of kidney (nephrons) and lungs (alveoli) undergo by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of individual cells but no _________ formed

Regenerative Hyperplasia

This form of hyperplasia is loss of functional reserves in hepatocellular or hematopoietic tissue.

Regenerative Hyperplasia

What type of hyperplasia is nodular hyperplasia in spleen and  liver

cystic endometrial

Another kind of regenerative hyperplasia is ________ of the bitch

metaplasia

Conversion of specialized, differentiated cell to another mature cell type

• chronic irritation as in bronchial epithelium

• Vit A deficiency in the urinary tract or salivary duct epithelium

• chlorinated hydrocarbon toxicity in the genital tract of sheep and catlte

• estrogen toxicity in the urinary tract of mink

Causes of metaplasia

squamous epithelium

In metaplasia, specialized mucous membrane or glandular epithelium is converted to ________

pluripotential

In the case of metaplasia, new adult cell types are derived from reserve cells, which are ______ for differentiation giving a protective response.

mesenchymal tissue, connective tissue, cartilage, bone

Metaplasia is common in ______ and is best known as change or conversion of fat or fibrous connective tissue to ________, ____ or ______.

reversible

Metaplasia is considered _______ upon the withdrawal of etiologic factors

necrotizing mastitis in cattle

Glandular epithelium may have a striking squamous metaplasia in healing lesion that causes …

sertoli cell tumor, columnar, cornified squamous

In the case of prostatic epithelium metaplasia, ________ causes the secretion of estrogen transforming the secretory _____ to _____

metaplastic bone like os penis

What do you call the islands of bone tissue that may form in unexpected places?

myeloid metaplasia

Form of metaplasia when the spleen of an adult may convert much of its space and resources to forming bone marrow if the need arises

stratified squamous epithelial cells

In the case of metaplasia seen in smokers, their pseudostratified ciliated epithelia cells changes to _____

disordered, abnormal development, growth of cells and tissues

Dysplasia can be ______ or ____ or

continuously replaced

Dysplasia happens in fetal or neonatal development of in adult tissues that are ______

dysplasia

Imperfect arrangement of normal-looking (disordered fashion) cells

Dystrophy

_____ represents a retrogressive change in a tissue after it has reached a stable adult life

stem cells

Dysplasia is characterized by confusion of ____ by infection, toxins, or physical agent

neoplastic

Dysplasia is reversible but most often is irreversible and becomes ______

pleomorphic (variation in size and shape)

Dysplasia seen microscopically, is ______

stain more intensely (hyperchromatic) than normal

Dysplasia seen microscopically, will…

lacking normal regular progression of development through maturity

Dysplasia seen microscopically, are…

nucleocytoplasmic ratio, mitotic activity in adult

Dysplasia seen microscopically, has increased ________ and ______

congenital

Dysplasia can also be ______ like renal dysplasia in young dogs where nephrons are not properly formed and tissue such as cartilage maybe be present)

dysplasia

An epithelium with chronic irritation and inflammation can cause what growth disorder