History Q.4 Vocabularies

Nazi

shortened form of the German National, or the National Socialist German Workers' Party; a member of such party

Concentration camp

a camp where prisoners of war, political prisoners, or member of minority groups are confined, typically under harsh conditions

Blitzkrieg

German for "lighting war," a swift and sudden military attack; used by the Germans during World War II

Isolationism

a policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations

Neutrality

refusal to take sided or become involved in wars between other nations

Partisan

a resistance fighter in World War II

Genocide

the deliberate mass murder or physical extinction of a particular racial, political, or cultural group

Collaborators

a person who assist the enemy

Mobilization

the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war

Blitz

the British term for the German air raids on British cities and towns during World War II

Cold War

The Period of Political tension following World War II and ending with the fall of communism in the Soviet Union at the end of the 1980s

Satellite state

countries that are economically and politically dependent on another country

Policy of containment

a plan to keep something, such as communism, within its existing geographical boundaries and prevent further aggressive moves

Arms race

building up armies and stores weapons to keep up with an enemy

Domino theory

idea that if one country falls to communism, neighboring countries will also fall

Welfare state

a state in which the government takes responsibility for providing citizens with services such as health care

Bloc

a group of nations purchasing a common purpose.

Real wages

the actual purchasing power of income

Civil rights movement

Began in 1954 when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the practice of racial segregation (separation) was illegal; led to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act

Consumer society

a society preoccupied with buying goods

Women's liberation movement

the renewed feminist movement of the late 1960s, which demanded political and economic equality with men

Détente

a phase of relaxed tensions and improved relations between two adversaries

Dissidents

person who speak out against the regime in power

Perestroika

fundamental restructuring of the Soviet economy; policy introduced by Gorbachev

Ethnic cleansing

a policy of killing or forcibly removing an ethnic group from its lands; used by the Serbs against the Muslim minority in Bosnia

Autonomous

self governing

Thatcherism

the economic policy of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, which limited social welfare and restricted union power

Budget deficit

the state that exists when a government spends more than it collects in revenue

Cooperatives

farm organization owned by and operated for the benefit of the farmers

Cartels

groups of drugs businesses

Pan-Arabism

Arab unity, regardless of national boundaries

Intifada

"uprising," militant movement that arose during the 1980s among supporters of the Palestine Liberation Organization living in Israel

Principle of nonalignment

Jawaharlal Nehru's refusal to align India with any bloc or alliance

Stalemate

the condition that exists when neither of two opposing sides is able to make significant gains

Discrimination

prejudicial treatment usually based on race, religion, class, sex, or age