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b. tends to increase the likelihood of a targeted behavior.

Negative reinforcement is the same thing as punishment. b. tends to increase the likelihood of a targeted behavior. 

egative reinforcement

a. is the same thing as punishment.

b. tends to increase the likelihood of a targeted behavior.

c. is not as powerful in modifying behavior as either positive reinforcement or punishment.

d. tends to suppress the likelihood of a targeted behavior.

d. biology; environment

Albert Bandura would argue that evolutionary psychology focuses too much on _______ and not enough on _______.

a. evolution; regression

b. generational trends; individual trends

c. culture; learning

d. biology; environment

c. determined by the external environment.

Behavioral theories suggest that personality is:

a. situation specific.

b. fairly consistent over time and situations.

c. determined by the external environment.

d. composed of five basic dimensions.

b. To lessen feelings of anxiety

This is the primary goal of Fromm’s concept of mechanisms of escape:

a. To balance the syntonic and dystonic forces

b. To lessen feelings of anxiety

c. To minimize the feelings of isolation

d. To ground oneself in the world

a. Children

Safety needs are usually strongest for

a. Children

b. Men

c. Women

d. Adults

b. fail to satisfy safety needs.

Maslow said that basic anxiety is experienced when people

a. fail to satisfy physiological needs

b. fail to satisfy safety needs.

c. fail to satisfy esteem needs.

d. fail to satisfy self-actualization needs

c. are persistent rather than temporary

It is NOT true that instinctoid needs

a. can be modified by learning

b. result in pathology when frustrated

c. are persistent rather than temporary

d. are unique to humans

b. experience a more efficient perception of reality

Maslow said that self-actualizing people

a. experience anxiety when faced with the unknown

b. experience a more efficient perception of reality

c. feel lonely when they are alone

d. desire to inform, convert, and instruct others

d. actualizing tendency

Rogers believed that all behavior relates to one's

a. enhancement needs

b. safety needs

c. ideal self

d. actualizing tendency

c. refers to the person's organismic experiences

In Rogerian theory, the actualization tendency

a. is synonymous with the formative tendency.

b. has the same or nearly the same meaning as self-actualization.

c. refers to the person's organismic experiences

d. refers to the tendency to actualize the perceived self

c. conditions of worth

Wan Yue's mother praises her whenever her behavior meets her standards. However, she punishes Wan Yue when her behavior fails to meet with their approval. From this information it appears that Wan Yue is experiencing

a. low self-esteem

b. disorganization

c. conditions of worth

d. High self-esteem

c. denial and distortion

According to Rogers, the two primary defensive strategies are

a. repression and denial

b. repression and reaction formation

c. denial and distortionc. denial and distortion

d. repression and regression

a. People have a natural tendency to move toward actualization.

Which statement is most consistent with Rogers' concept of humanity?

a. People have a natural tendency to move toward actualization.

b. People move inevitably toward actualization.

c. People move inevitably toward self-actualization.

d. People are free to become what they will.

d. personal dispositions

Allport insisted that the basic units of personality are

a. common traits

b. cardinal traits

c. types

d. personal dispositions

b. the normal healthy person

In his study of personality, Allport emphasized

a. cultural influences

b. the normal healthy person

c. group characteristics

d. factor analytic techniques

a. high on biological determinants of personality.

The theories of McCrae and Costa and of Eysenck rate

a. high on biological determinants of personality.

b. high on teleology.

c. low on their ability to generate research.

d. high on free will

d. level of cortical arousal

According to Eysenck, introverts and extraverts are different in many respects. The most important difference is

a. psychological health versus psychological disturbance

b. subjectivity versus objectivity

c. their way of viewing the world

d. level of cortical arousal

a. inductive method of investigation

Which of the following is not one of Eysenck’s criteria for identifying factors?

a. inductive method of investigation

b. social relevance

c. psychometric evidence

d. heritability

c. Introversion

Which one of the following is not one of Eysenck’s superfactors?

a. Extraversion

b. Neuroticism

c. Introversion

d. Psychoticism

a. MMPI

Which of the following is not one of the personality assessments created and developed by Eysenck?

a. MMPI

b. MPI

c. EPI

d. EP

c. idiographic

One person at a time is studied using the __________ approach.

a. factor analytic

b. nomothetic

c. idiographic

d. eclectic

d. eclectic

As a psychology practitioner, it is advised to use the ___approach to ensure that everything is accounted for and to have multiple sources.

a. factor analytic

b. nomothetic

c. idiographic

d. eclectic

a. Determinist

Which term best describes B. F. Skinner?

a. Determinist

b. Psychotherapist

c. Cognitive psychologist

d.Sociologist

a. exist, but should not be used to explain behavior

According to Skinner, internal mental states such as thinking, foresight, and reasoning

a. exist, but should not be used to explain behavior

b. exist and should be used to explain behavior

c. do not exist

d. do not exist, but nevertheless can be used to explain human behavior.

c. the effects of punishment are less predictable.

Skinner favored reward over punishment largely because

a. reward is more humane than punishment

b. punishment is more expensive.

c. the effects of punishment are less predictable.

d. the effects of reward are less predictable.

c. human personality

A unified repertoire of responses is Skinner's definition of

a. operant conditioning.

b. classical conditioning.

c. human personality.

d. the perceived self.

d. Behavior

Bandura believes that human functioning is a product of the mutual interaction of environment, person, and

a. Heredity

b. learning.

c.Cognition

d. Behavior

c. Enactive

According to Bandura, there are two major types of learning—observational and

a.Modeling

b.Developmental

c. Enactive

d. Conditioning

b. Increased emotional arousal

Which technique is LEAST likely to increase a person's self-efficacy?

a. Verbal persuasion

b. Increased emotional arousal

c.Vicarious experiences

d. performance accomplishment

a. self-efficacy; outcome expectations

James has great confidence in himself as a car modifier. However, the economy in his city has entered a recession, and few people can afford modifying their car. When James applies for a job at Mr. Ohara's garage, he will likely have high _______ and low _______.

a. self-efficacy; outcome expectations

b. self-efficacy; self-confidence

c. reward expectancy; self-efficacy

d. anxiety; motivation

b. apathy and feelings of helplessness

Low self-efficacy and an unresponsive environment are MOST likely to result in

a. high level of performance

b. apathy and feelings of helplessness

c. decreased locus of control

d. increased optimism and self-confidence

a. collective efficacy

The personal efficacy of many people working together to bring about social change is called

a. collective efficacy

b. disengagement of internal control

c. disengagement of external control

d. outcome expectations

b. proxy efficacy

Jewel, like most people, relies on auto mechanics, air conditioning repairmen, network news, and hundreds of other people who enhance her lifestyle. In so doing, Jewel is making use of

a. collective efficacy

b. proxy efficacy

c. self-efficacy

d. self-regulation

a. self-observation

According to Bandura, the first requirement for self-regulation is

a. self-observation

b. reinforcement

c. modeling

d. responsive environment

c. A conscientious doctor performs an illegal operation, but justifies her actions to herself by saying the surgery was necessary to save a life.

Which of the following would be an example of disengagement of internal control?

a. A student skips class, and then tells the instructor that she had to attend her grandmother's funeral.

b. A child is punished for playing with his genitals and consequently represses the experience.

c. A conscientious doctor performs an illegal operation, but justifies her actions to herself by saying the surgery was necessary to save a life.

d. A store clerk shoplifts merchandise, feels guilty, and returns it before anyone notices

d. Relatedness

Fromm’s theory revolves around___

a. Sex

b. Competition

c. Social Interest

d. Relatedness

c. Freaks of nature

Fromm regarded humans as___

a. Perfect beings

b. Blank slates

c. Freaks of nature

d. Innately Evil

d. Love

Which of the following does not belong?

a. Knowledge

b. Respect

c. Care

d. Love

a. Authoritarianism

“I decided to enter this totally not a cult organization because I feel weak and helpless.” Which of Fromm’s concepts could be related to this statement?

a. Authoritarianism

b. Destructiveness

c. Necrophilia

d. Automaton Conformity

d. Automaton Conformity

“I can be your mother, sister, friend and lover. Please, Seulgi, piliin mo ako, ‘wag siya.” Which of Fromm’s concepts could be related to this statement?

a. Authoritarianism

b. Destructiveness

c. Necrophilia

d. Automaton Conformity

b. Destructiveness

“The more bridges you burn, the lesser paths you can take.” Which of Fromm’s concepts could be related to this statement?

a. Authoritarianism

b. Destructiveness

c. Necrophilia

d. Automaton Conformity

b. Transcendence

“I feel like I want more from this life, you know? Like I’m more than just a girl, waiting for her Prince charming to come save her from this monotone life.” Which of Fromm’s concepts could be related to this statement?

a. Relatedness

b. Transcendence

c. Rootedness

d. Frame of Orientation

d. Malignant Aggression

“I just felt like breaking his neck, nothing personal.” Which of Fromm’s concepts could be related to this statement?

a. Authoritarianism

b. Destructiveness

c. Necrophilia

d. Malignant Aggression

c. Discerning

Which does not belong?

a. Working

b. Loving

c. Discerning

d. Reasoning

d. “Mahal kita pre, you’re my brother in everything but blood.”

Which statement would Fromm consider as the strongest form of love?

a. “Mahal kita, yung katawan mo, yung puso mo, sinasamba ko.”

b. “Learning to love yourself is the greatest love of all.”

c. “Ako ang mhiema ninyo, mga nakshie. Ako na bahala sa foods.”

d. “Mahal kita pre, you’re my brother in everything but blood.”

b. Moral hypochondriasis

“I’ll follow you down till the sound of my voice will haunt you, you’ll never get away from the sound of the woman that loved you,” Joy cursed her cheating boyfriend. The ex-bf might experience Fromm’s concept of

a. Malignant Aggression

b. Moral hypochondriasis

c. Necrophilia

d.Masochism

c. Exploitative

“Iyan ang mahirap sa’yo eh. Kuha ka lang nang kuha kahit ‘di naman para sa iyo. Minsan nananakit ka na ng kapwa,” Irene scolded the narrator. Which of Fromm’s concepts could be related to this statement?

a. Receptive

b. Marketing

c. Exploitative

d. Hoarding

b. Help with dinner himself

A father wants his son to help his sister cook dinner every night. According to social learning theory, the father should:

a. Promise the boy a new game console if he helps with dinner

b. Help with dinner himself

c. Punish the boy by taking away his gadgets if he does not help

d. Tell the boy that he has the means to be the best chef in the world

c. Doll

Skinner: Pigeon;__:Bandura

a. RC Car

b. Rat

c. Doll

d. Toy Gun

b. Dreams

According to Skinner, ___ may serve a wish-fulfillment purpose

a. Daydreams

b. Dreams

c. Delusions

d. Hallucinations

c. Continuous

“Every time maka shoot ka ng tres, may kiss ka sa’kin,” Fleur said. What schedule is this?

a. Variable Ratio

b. Fixed Ratio

c. Continuous

d. Fixed Interval

c. Variable ratio

“Bili pa ako ng mystery box ni Jusmar baka manalo na ako.” This follows what reinforcement schedule?

a. Fixed ratio

b. Variable interval

c. Variable ratio

d. Fixed interva

d. Fixed interval

“Malapit na yung evaluation period mga mare. Work nang work na tayo para maganda rating ni TL sa’tin”. This follows what reinforcement schedule?

a. Fixed ratio

b. Variable interval

c. Variable ratio

d. Fixed interval

a. Revolting

Harvey is always talking back to his teachers. If you ask Skinner, Harvey is__.

a. Revolting

b. Escaping

c. Passively resisting

d. Changing

c. Passively resisting

“Why would I do my chores when I can finish the new One Piece episode?” This implies__

a. Revolting

b. Escaping

c. Passively resisting

d. Changing

b. Plasticity

“It’s never too late to change you know? The best time to change was yesterday, and the second-best time is now.” Bandura would call this ___.

a. Moral Agency

b. Plasticity

c. Active Agency

d. Observational Learning

d. Enactive Learning

Anne lives by the motto “Experience is the best teacher; you will never know until you try”. Due to this she would plunge headfirst into whatever interests her. She moved to different places, worked at different jobs and met a lot of people by living that philosophy. She was able to pickup a lot of skills and life lessons as well. When her girlfriend’s taxes got mixed up, she was able to sort it out. Anne’s way of learning is due to___?

a. Latent Learning

b. Vicarious Learning

c. Trial-and-Error Leaning

d. Enactive Learning

b. Modeling

___is the core of observational learning

a. Motivation

b. Modeling

c. Imitation

d. Mimicry

b. Moral justification

“The Eldians have humiliated us. It is time to extinguish those devils in Paradis, it is our God given right!” Lord Tybur announced to the crowd. This is an example of:

a. Palliative comparisons

b. Moral justification

c. Diffusing responsibility

d. Displacement

c. Euphemistic Labeling

“Sa Drug war, hindi talaga maiiwasang may mamatay. Mga collateral damage ba,” SPO4 Martinez said. This is an example of:

a. Palliative comparisons

b. Moral justification

c. Euphemistic Labeling

d. Displacement

a. Palliative comparisons

“Why should I go to jail for faking my ID? The company president killed his wife!” Diego said. This is an example of:

a. Palliative comparisons

b. Moral justification

c. Diffusing responsibility

d. Displacement

b. 5

How many needs are there according to Maslow?

a. 6

b. 5

c. 7

d. 4

c. Jonah Complex

Frieren could have been the strongest elf mage if only she did not limit her aura. What concept of Maslow can be inferred here?

a. Inferiority complex

b. Johan Complex

c. Jonah Complex

d. Jonnah Complex

d. A sardonic sense of humor

Which is not a characteristic of Self- Actualizing person?

a. Problem-centering

b. Autonomy

c. Creativeness

d. A sardonic sense of humor

a. Born Good

Rogers believed that humans are___.

a. Born Good

b. Born to Die

c. Born Evil

d. Born Pretty

c. Minimized

Which does not belong in level of awareness?

a. Ignored

b. Accurately symbolized

c. Minimized

d. Distorted form

d. Unconditional positive regard

_ is the need to be liked, prized, or accepted by another person

a. Conditional positive regard

b. Congruent

c. Empathic listening

d. Unconditional positive regard

a. Persons of Tomorrow

These are psychologically healthy individuals in the process of evolving into all that he or she can become

a. Persons of Tomorrow

b. Persons of the Future

c. Persons of Today

d. Persons of History

c. Basic Tendencies

____ is McCrae and Costa’s term for the universal raw material of personality

a. Basic Needs

b.Basic Anxiety

c. Basic Tendencies

d. Basic Fundamentals

b. Environmental influences

Which is not a peripheral component?

a. Objective biography

b. Environmental influences

c. Biological bases

d. External influence

c. Diathesis-stress model of psychiatric illness

This suggests that some people are vulnerable to illness because they have either a genetic or an acquired weakness that predisposes them to an illness

a. Gene-environment model of psychiatric illness

b. Biathesis-stress model of psychiatric illness

c. Diathesis-stress model of psychiatric illness

d. Bio-stress model of psychiatric illness

c. Extinction

___ is defined as the tendency of a previously acquired response to become progressively weakened upon nonreinforcement

a. Deletion

b. Erosion

c. Extinction

d. Resolution

b. Generalized reinforcer

____ is associated with more than one primary reinforcer

a. Multiple reinforcer

b. Generalized reinforcer

c. Extended reinforcer

d. Wide reinforcer

d. Differential discrimination

_____ is the result of history of differential reinforcement

a. Classical discrimination

b. Pavlovian discrimination

c. Operant discrimination

d. Differential discrimination

b. M data

Which does not belong?

a. L data

b. M data

c. Q data

d. T data

a. Idiographic science

This approach gathers data on a single individual

a. Idiographic science

b. Morphogenic science

c. Eclectic approach

d. Case study

b. Functional autonomy

“I started playing billiard because I wanted to see my crush sa tambayan. Magpa-cute ba, ganun. Pero I dunno, napamahal na lang din ako sa billiards. Mas magaling na nga ako kaysa kay crushie eh T__T,”Maloi said. This is an example of

a. Observational Learning

b. Functional autonomy

c. Perseverative functional autonomy

d. Reflex

c. Taoistic attitude

An attitude that would be noninterfering, passive, and receptive

a. Stoic attitude

b. Hedonistic attitude

c. Taoistic attitude

d. Opportunistic attitude

b. Diffusing responsibility

“Alam mo, sabihin nalang natin kay ma’am na majority vote yung pag absent natin sa klase niya. Imposible naman na ibagsak niya tayong lahat, and if ever, ipa radyo nalang natin siya or ipa-cancel sa social media,” Colet said. This is an example of:

a. Displacement

b. Diffusing responsibility

c. Disregarding consequences

d. Moral justification

d. Self-efficacy

“Kaya ko talunin ang Dimagiba number one Chou. Ang galing ko kaya mag Ruby. 8 minutes palang, kompleto ko na Haas claws ko. Ako kaya number one Ruby sa Brgy. Simot,”. This is an example of

a. Self-confidence

b. Self-esteem

c. Self-motivation

d. Self-efficacy