C++ syntax

#include

are directives and interpreted by preprocessor before compiling

<iostream>

library that allwos standard I/O operations

using namespace std;

tells computer to use std namespace

//

indicates single line comment

int main() { }

special function called when program is run

cout «

character output device used to print values on console

return 0

returns integer to main

/* block comment */

multiple line comment

type VariableName

used to declare variables

bool

boolean

int

integer

char

character

float

floating point number

double

double precision floating point number

string

group of characters

const

used to not override existing variable values

&&

logical operator: and

||

logical operator: or

!

logical operator: not

++

arithmetic operator: increment adding one

—

arithmetic operator: increment subtracting one

cin »

used to get user input

getline(cin, myString)

used to include spaces in inputs

cin.sync()

used along with getline

if (condition) {

statements

}

used to specify code to be executed if condition is true

else {

statements

}

used to specify a code to be executed to be executed if condition is false

else if (condition) {

statement

}

used to specify new condition to test if first condition is false

switch (variable) {

case 1:

case 2:

case 3:

default

}

used to specify many alternative blocks of code only limited to one variable

while (condition)

{

(statements)

}

loop that tests condition and repeats statements while condition is true

do

{

(statements)

} while (condition)

loop that executes statements then evaluates condition

for (initialization; condition; increase)

{

(statements)

}

loop designed to iterate a specific number of times

x[max values] = {value 1, value 2, value 3}

used to store multiple values in a single variable