Gross Anatomy Part 2

6-10

How many regions sit on our stomach?

9

How many quadrants sit on our stomach?

4

Right Upper Quadrant

Right lobe of liver

Gallbladder

Portion of stomach                                                     

Portion of small intestine                                            

Portion of large intestine                                            

Left Upper Quadrant

Left lobe of liver

Stomach Pancreas

Portion of small intestine

Portion of large intestine

Spleen

Right Lower Quadrant                          

Cecum

Appendix Right ureter

Portion of small intestine

Portion of large intestine

Left Lower Quadrant                    

Left ureter

Portion of small intestine

Portion of large intestine

Reproductive organs

Content of the Peritoneal Cavity

Space between the parietal peritoneum (surround the abdominal wall) and the visceral peritoneum (surrounds internal organs)

Mesocolon

•Anchors colon to wall

•Houses vessels to colon

Omentum

Folds of peritoneum connecting the stomach to other abdominal organs

Mesentery

Folds of peritoneum connecting the abdominal organs to the posterior abdominal wall

The Gastrointestinal (GI)Tract

The organs that food and liquids pass through when they are swallowed, digested, absorbed and leave the body as feces.

•Four layers GI tract

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa.

Mucosa

form lumen

Submucosa

•Vasculature for mucosa

Muscularis

•Layer containing smooth muscle responsible for peristalsis and segmentation.

Serosa

SADPUCKER

Suprarenal glands, Abdominal aorta/IVC, Duodenum, Pancreas

Ureters, Colon, Kidneys, Esophagus, Rectum

Features of the Small Intestine three parts?

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Jejunum

     - more plicae circulares w/ more villi

      - fewer, longer arcades and vasa recta

      -  traces of MALT

Ileum

      - few plicae circulares w/ fewer villi

      -  multiple, shorter arcades and vasa recta

      - huge quantities of MALT in Peyer’s Patches

•Retroperitoneal gland

–Endocrine

–Exocrine

The Spleen

Plays a role in removing old red blood cells from circulation and plays a role in the immune system

Aorta

Most of the body

Inferior Phrenic Artery

Diaphragm

Celiac Trunk (Artery) & Branches

Stomach, Spleen, Liver, Pancreas

Superior Mesenteric Artery & Branches

Large & Small Intestine

Inferior Mesenteric Artery & Branches

Large intestine

Suprarenal Arteries

Adrenal glands

Renal Arteries

Kidneys

Gonadal Arteries

Ovaries & Testes

Left & Right Common Iliac arteries

•Lower limbs (divides onto the external and internal aa.)

Left & Right External Iliac arteries

Lower abdominal wall and legs

Left & Right Internal Iliac arteries

Pelvis, pelvis organs, median part of thigh, reproductive organs, lower extremities

Femoral Arteries

Lower extremities

What consider the foregut and what supplies this?

Celiac trunk

• Esophagus

• Stomach

• Proximal half of the duodenum

• Liver

• Gallbladder

• Pancreas

Abdominal Aorta

Extension of the aortic arch and thoracic aorta

Renal aa.

Branches off the abdominal aorta

Renal vv

Drains into the inferior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Drains into the right atrium

Inferior phrenic a

branches off the abdominal aorta

Superior suprarenal a

branches off the inferior phrenic a

Middle suprarenal a

branches off the abdominal aorta

Inferior suprarenal a

branches off the renal a

Spermatic cord

bundle of nerves, blood vessels and ducts connecting the testicles to the abdominal wall

Pampiniform plexus

A network of small veins found in the male spermatic cord

Testicular a

branches off the abdominal aorta; supply blood to the gonads

Tunica albuginea

A tough layer of connective tissue surrounding the corpora cavernosa of the penis

Centripetal a

Artery moving toward the center of the testes

Capsular a

Artery surrounding the testes

Differential a

arteries varying in size

•Ovarian a.

Branches off the abdominal aorta

Arcuate a

Artery that curve into an arch; branches of off the ovarian a

Uterine a

Main blood vessel that supply blood to the uterus; branches off the internal iliac a.

Vaginal a.

Main blood vessel that supply blood to the vagina; branches off the internal iliac a.

Lumbar Arteries

Provide blood supply to the lumbar segment of the spinal cord and the posterior abdominal wall. 

Lumbar Veins

Receives blood from the lumbar segment of the spinal cord and the posterior abdominal wall

Diamond-shaped region w/ angles at

arcuate pubic ligament, tip of coccyx, ischial tuberosities

Boundaries

Ischiopubic rami, sacrotuberous ligaments w/ gluteus maximus mm

Two triangles subdivided by superficial transverse perineal mm

Urogenital triangle, Anal triangle