acids and bases

for science exam

• sour taste

• Sometimes a burning smell

• Makes litmus (and several other) indicators turn red.

• Reacts with active metals to produce hydrogen gas

acid

• bitter taste

• soapy/slippery texture

• Usually NO smell (except ammonia)

• Makes litmus (and several other) indicators turn blue.

base (alkaline)

HCl

hydrochloric acid

H₂ SO₄

sulphuric acid

NaCl

sodium chloride (table salt)

NaOH

sodium hydroxide

2KOH

potassium hydroxide

NaHCO₃

bicarb soda

what is the PH scale?

a scale to determine wether something is an acid or an alkaline on a scale from 0-14 with 14 being incredibly alkaline and 0 being incredibly acidic. 7 is neutral (water)

neutralisation is…

the name given to any chemical reaction that involves an acid and a base reacting together

when an acid and a base mix they react to form…

water + salt

chemical formula for neutralisation

acid + base → water + salt

Hydrochloric acid + Sodium Hydroxide → water + sodium chloride 

HCl + NaOH → H₂O + NaCl

How does the general equation differ when the base is a metal carbonate?

carbon dioxide gas is added to the product

Write the ‘general equation’ for the neutralisation reaction when the base is a metal carbonate

acid + base → water + salt + carbon dioxide gas

Describe a procedure that could be used to identify if neutralisation has occurred after mixing an acid and a base together.

mix an acid and a base then add universal indicator to see if it is neutral