IB Environmental Systems & Societies - Chapter 2 Vocabulary (copy)

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All vocabulary you should know from chapter 2.

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76 Terms

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Species

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. They share similar characteristics and are distinct from other groups.

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Population

The total number of individuals living in a specific area or region at a given time.

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Habitat

Ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape and size after being stretched or contracted.

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Niche

A specific ecological role or job that a species has within its habitat. It includes the resources it uses, the way it interacts with other species, and its impact on the environment.

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Fundamental Niche

The complete range of environmental conditions and resources in which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce is known as its fundamental niche.

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Realized Niche

The specific role an organism plays in its ecosystem, taking into account its behavior, diet, and interactions with other species.

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Abiotic Factors

Non-living components of an ecosystem that influence the survival and distribution of organisms. Examples include temperature, sunlight, water availability, soil pH, and nutrient levels.

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Biotic Factors

Living organisms that directly or indirectly influence an ecosystem. They include plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. They interact with each other and with the non-living components of an environment, such as sunlight, temperature, and water availability. They play a crucial role in shaping the structure and function of ecosystems.

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Predation

The act of one organism, the predator, hunting, capturing, and feeding on another organism, the prey, for sustenance and energy. It is a key ecological interaction that can influence population dynamics and shape ecosystems.

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Predator-Prey Relationships

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Herbivory

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Herbivore

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Pathogen

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Competition

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Intraspecific Competition

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Interspecific Competition

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S-Curve

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Density-Dependent Factors

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Density-Independent Factors

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J-Curve

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Limiting Factors

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Community

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Photosynthesis

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Respiration

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Producer

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Autotroph

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Consumer

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Heterotroph

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Carnivore

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Trophic Level

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Productivity

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Primary Productivity

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Secondary Productivity

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Gross Productivity (GP)

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Net Productivity (NP)

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Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

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Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

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Gross Secondary Productivity (GSP)

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Net Secondary Productivity (NSP)

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Maximum Sustainable Yield

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Eutrophication

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Biome

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Latitude

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Tricellular Model

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Tropical Rainforest

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Temperate Forest

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Desert

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Tundra

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Grassland

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Tropical Coral Reefs

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Hydrothermal Vents

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Zonation

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Succession

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Sere

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Pioneer Community

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Climax Community

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Primary Succession

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Secondary Succession

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R-Strategist

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K-Strategist

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Pagioclimax

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Dichotomous Key

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Random Sampling

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Stratified Random Sampling

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Systematic Sampling

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Continuous Sampling

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Population Density

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Percenta

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Percentage Frequency

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Species Diversity

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Species Richness

S

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Simpson’s Diversity Index

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Line Transect

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Belt

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Continuous Transect

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Interrupted Transect