IB Environmental Systems & Societies - Chapter 2 Vocabulary (copy)

All vocabulary you should know from chapter 2.

Species

A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. They share similar characteristics and are distinct from other groups.

Population

The total number of individuals living in a specific area or region at a given time.

Habitat

Ability of muscle tissue to return to its original shape and size after being stretched or contracted.

Niche

A specific ecological role or job that a species has within its habitat. It includes the resources it uses, the way it interacts with other species, and its impact on the environment.

Fundamental Niche

The complete range of environmental conditions and resources in which a species can survive, grow, and reproduce is known as its fundamental niche.

Realized Niche

The specific role an organism plays in its ecosystem, taking into account its behavior, diet, and interactions with other species.

Abiotic Factors

Non-living components of an ecosystem that influence the survival and distribution of organisms. Examples include temperature, sunlight, water availability, soil pH, and nutrient levels.

Biotic Factors

Living organisms that directly or indirectly influence an ecosystem. They include plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms. They interact with each other and with the non-living components of an environment, such as sunlight, temperature, and water availability. They play a crucial role in shaping the structure and function of ecosystems.

Predation

The act of one organism, the predator, hunting, capturing, and feeding on another organism, the prey, for sustenance and energy. It is a key ecological interaction that can influence population dynamics and shape ecosystems.

Predator-Prey Relationships

Herbivory

Herbivore

Pathogen

Competition

Intraspecific Competition

Interspecific Competition

S-Curve

Density-Dependent Factors

Density-Independent Factors

J-Curve

Limiting Factors

Community

Photosynthesis

Respiration

Producer

Autotroph

Consumer

Heterotroph

Carnivore

Trophic Level

Productivity

Primary Productivity

Secondary Productivity

Gross Productivity (GP)

Net Productivity (NP)

Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

Gross Secondary Productivity (GSP)

Net Secondary Productivity (NSP)

Maximum Sustainable Yield

Eutrophication

Biome

Latitude

Tricellular Model

Tropical Rainforest

Temperate Forest

Desert

Tundra

Grassland

Tropical Coral Reefs

Hydrothermal Vents

Zonation

Succession

Sere

Pioneer Community

Climax Community

Primary Succession

Secondary Succession

R-Strategist

K-Strategist

Pagioclimax

Dichotomous Key

Random Sampling

Stratified Random Sampling

Systematic Sampling

Continuous Sampling

Population Density

Percenta

Percentage Frequency

Species Diversity

Species Richness

S

Simpson’s Diversity Index

Line Transect

Belt

Continuous Transect

Interrupted Transect