Unit 2

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47 Terms

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Arithmetic Density

Population divided by land area

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What’s wrong with arithmetic density?

Assumes all land are equally inhabitable

Doesn't differentiate between arable & non arable land

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Physiological density

Population divided by amount of arable land (land that can be farmed)

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How do you measure physiological density?

The higher the physiological density, the more pressure for farmland to produce more food

The lower the physical density, the more likely the land will feed enough people

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Agricultural Density

Total farmers divided by total arable land

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What is a benefit of agricultural density?

Helps geographers understand how labor-intensive agriculture is in a given place

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How do you measure agricultural density?

Low number = less farmers growing food = more mechanization

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dependency ratio

higher the # = higher the pressure for working group to support the dependents

<p></p><p>higher the # = higher the pressure for working group to support the dependents</p>
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<p>shorter lifespan in top</p><p>high birth rate in bottom</p>

shorter lifespan in top

high birth rate in bottom

rapid growth population pyramid

<p>rapid growth population pyramid</p>
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<p>birth rate is <strong>SLIGHTLY </strong>higher than the death rate</p>

birth rate is SLIGHTLY higher than the death rate

Slow growth population pyramid

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<p>death and birth rates are similar</p><p></p>

death and birth rates are similar

Stable growth population

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<p>base is more narrow than top</p>

base is more narrow than top

declining growth population

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Rate of natural increase

crude birth rate minus crude death rate

measure of how quickly a population is growing or declining

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what does a high RNI indicate?

more people born than dying

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what does a low RNI indicate?

population stable

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negative RNI

population declining

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limits of DTM?

only considers birth & death rates

doesnt take migration into consideration

restricted to western countries

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stage 1 of ETM

disease & famine

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stage 2 of ETM

improved sanitation & medicine

pandemics
industrial revolution

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stage 3 of ETM

degenerative diseases

increase diseases for old people (heart attacks, cancer)

<p>degenerative diseases</p><p>increase diseases for old people (heart attacks, cancer)</p>
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stage 4 of ETM

advanced medicine to slow diseases

<p>advanced medicine to slow diseases</p>
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stage 5 of ETM

emerging infections
new bacterial mutations

<p>emerging infections<br>new bacterial mutations</p>
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pronatalist

promotes birth

<p>promotes birth</p>
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antinatalist

restricts birth

<p>restricts birth</p>
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infant mortality rate

measure of how many infants die within the first year of life per thousand births

<p>measure of how many infants die within the first year of life per thousand births</p>
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Ravenstein’s Law of Migration

Migrations are mostly cuz of economics
travel short distances (step migration)

long-distance migration are more likely by men

most migrants travel rural to urban

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transnational migration

migrants who move but simultaneously retain strong ties to people at home

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transhumance migration

seasonal movement of livestock

<p> seasonal movement of livestock</p>
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Internal Migration

People who migrate within the borders of a country

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Chain Migration

One person’s migration can lead to further migrations among their family

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total fertility rate

number of kids a woman will have in fertile years (15-49)

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DTM Stage 1 (High Stationary)

  • pre-industrial

  • mainly farmers

  • poor nutrition & disease

HIGH birth & death rate

LOW population

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DTM Stage 2 (Early Expanding)

  • early entry to industrialization

HIGH birth rate

DECREASE death rate

INCREASE population

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Countries in DTM Stage 2

Nigeria

Guatemala

Afghanistan

Yemen

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DTM Stage 3 (Late Expanding)

medicine getting better

continue industrialization

DECREASE birth rate (gradually)

LOW death rate

SLOW population growth

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Countries in DTM Stage 3

Mexico

India

South Africa

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DTM Stage 4 (Low Stationary)

completely industrialized

worries abt old ppl diseases

LOW birth & death rate

NEUTRAL population growth

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Countries in DTM Stage 4

Canada

South Korea

United States

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DTM Stage 5 (Natural Decrease)

LOW birth & death

DECREASE population

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Countries in DTM Stage 5

Germany

Japan

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Problems with ETM

oversimplifies the causes of population change due to disease

doesn’t account for poverty as a cause of disease spread

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remittance

money earned by an emigrant abroad and sent back to his or her home country

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<p><strong>What stage of DTM is this?</strong></p>

What stage of DTM is this?

Stage 1

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<p><strong>What stage of DTM is this? </strong></p>

What stage of DTM is this?

Stage 2

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<p><strong>What stage of DTM is this? </strong></p>

What stage of DTM is this?

Stage 3

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<p><strong>What stage of DTM is this? </strong></p>

What stage of DTM is this?

Stage 4

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<p><strong>What stage of DTM is this? </strong></p>

What stage of DTM is this?

Stage 5