History Flashcards - Big Quiz

Tehran

Capital city of Iran and political center since the Qajar dynasty.

Reza Khan Pahlavi

Iranian military officer who overthrew the Qajar dynasty in 1925, later known as Reza Shah Pahlavi.

Mollah (Mullah)

A Muslim religious leader or scholar trained in Islamic law and theology.

Ulama

The collective body of Islamic scholars and jurists.

Mohammad Mosaddeq

Iranian Prime Minister who nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.

Anglo-Iranian Oil Company

British-controlled oil company dominant in Iran until nationalized by Mosaddeq.

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi

Son of Reza Shah and last Shah of Iran, ruled until the 1979 Islamic Revolution.

SAVAK

Iran’s secret police and intelligence agency known for repressing dissent.

What was the role of Mohammad Mosaddeq in Iranian politics?

He was the Prime Minister from 1951 to 1953 who nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and was overthrown in a coup.

What happened to the Ulama during Reza Shah’s reforms?

The ulama largely opposed the secularizing reforms and Reza Shah weakened their authority.

What transformations did Reza Shah pursue in Iran?

He aimed to westernize Iran through infrastructure development, education reform, and reducing religious influence.

What was the significance of the Treaty of Lausanne (1923)?

It recognized the sovereignty of Turkey and marked the end of the Ottoman Empire.

What are the Six Arrows of Kemalism?

The guiding principles of Ataturk’s ideology: Republicanism, Nationalism, Industrial Growth, Secularization, Westernization, and Modernization.

How did Ataturk modernize Turkey's writing system?

He replaced the Arabic script with the Latin alphabet.

What rights did Ataturk expand for women in Turkey?

He granted women the right to vote and run for office.

What significant legal reforms did Ataturk implement?

He introduced secular legal codes, replacing Sharia law.

How did Ataturk's reforms affect religious schools in Turkey?

He closed religious schools and replaced them with secular ones.

What was the founding year of Saudi Arabia?

Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932 by Abdulaziz Ibn Saud.

What role did Abdulaziz Ibn Saud play in the formation of Saudi Arabia?

He unified various tribal regions under the House of Saud and gained control of Mecca and Medina.

How did the discovery of oil impact Saudi Arabia?

The vast oil reserves discovered in the 1930s strengthened and modernized the state.