cultural anthropology exam #2

Etic

a research approach in which the observer analyzes culture from an external perspective, often using the framework of the observer's own culture

Emic

a research approach that analyzes culture from the perspective of the members of that culture

El Susto

“The fright”, a way that south american’s explain their diabetesand other ailments, believed to be caused by a traumatic event or shock.

Marx’s definition of class

Groups that emerge from the forces of capitalist production

Subtractive Health Care

Immigrants (particularly women) are seen as incapable of properly caring for
themselves and their pregnancies, and are provided health guidance that is dangerously simplified

First wave of feminism

advocated for women’s suffrage and the abolishment of slavery

Second Wave of Feminism

1960-70s, focused on reproductive rights, politics, the patriarchy, but wasn’t very widespread

Third wave feminism

challenged the idea that there is one kind of woman, and emphasized intersectionality in feminism with equal rights for ALL

Fourth wave feminism

2012-present, characterized by technology use, social media activism, and a focus on issues like sexual harassment and objectification. full embrace of intersectionality.

Who introduced intersectionality

Black feminist academics, Crenshaw, Collins, and hooks

Intersectionality

Biological and social categories interact on multiple levels to create overlapping systems of discrimination or disadvantage.

Gender performance

The concept that gender is something we perform, do, and enact, not something we are

Two Spirit

Gender fluidity in indigenous culture

Kinship system

The predominant from of family in a culture and the kind of behavior involved

Patrilineal descent

lineage being defined through male relatives

Matrilineal descent

lineage being defined through female relatives

Bilineal Descent

Tracing ancestry through both maternal and paternal lines, recognizing relatives from both sides of the family equally

marriage

A more or less stable union, usually between two people who may or may not be co-residential, sexually involved with each other, and procreative with each other. It always involves a rite of passage

Exclusion rules

the incest taboo

Preference rules

kinship, location, ethnicity, looks, romantic love, status

Endogamy

Marriage within a particular region or social category

Exogamy

Marriage outside of a particular region or social category

Neolocal

New partners setting up new households in a place of their choosing. Found in individualistic societies.

Patrilocal

New partners live with or near the husband’s father. Found in patrilineal societies. Most common.

Matrilocal

New partners live with or near the wife’s mother. Found in matrilineal societies. Least common.

Chosen family

families that are not the product of heterosexual marriage

Family

a group of people who consider themselves related by kinship

Household

Persons who live together and may or may not be related by kinship

Neoliberalism

political-economic philosophy that attempts to reduce government spending and encourages privatization

Weathering

stress from the experiences of disadvantage and discrimination felt by groups

Syndemic

The intersection of multiple epidemics (diseases and social problems)

Structural violence

the inequitable disadvantages that certain groups systematically face based on factors like social status, race, or residency.

Diaspora

The dispersion of people from their homeland

ascribed status

Status that you are born or grown into

status

publicly recognized social positions 

Achieved status

Status that you gain after meeting a certain criteria from effort

Primary social group

people who interact and know each other personally

Secondary social group

people who identity with each other on some basis but who may never know each other personally

Social stratification

When a society’s members have unequal access to wealth, power, and prestige.

Nuclear household

Most common family, compromised of parents and unmarried children

Polygynous household

Comprised of husband, co-wives, and their children

Extended household

Compromised of young children, adults, and elders, offering both child care and old age support. Common in horticultures, pastoralists, and agriculturalists

encerrado

refers to farmworkers feeling trapped, imprisoned, and bounded due to their immigrant status in VT

Casta System

Spanish colonial classification system that categorized people based on racial lineage.

Health Impact Pyramid

A model illustrating that addressing socioeconomic factors leads to bigger health improvements compared to individual interventions.