apush test on roaring20s/gd/nd

Post war economic stability

a market for american consumer goods and america selling to europe at first means post war economic prowess.

Post War Recession bust

followed afterwards with Inflation. From 1920-1921 Gross National Product declined 10%; 100k businesses went bankrupt; 453k farmers lost land; 5M Americans lost jobs etc. Gvt controlling too much→ Democrat party being blamed. Employers also used recession to rescind rights for workers and unions + cut wages.

Boston Police Strike

In 1919, Police force striked in response to cutting wages→ No police = Boston erupting in panic and violence. Government being blamed yet again.

Steelworkers Strike 1919

Greatest strike in American history→ 350k steelworkers striked for recognition of union + better wages→ Long brutal violent battle, eventually the strike was subdued but significantly hurt American labor. Unions are communist

Great migration

Many african americans moved from rural areas to cities, this caused issues with black and white

Red summer

was a series of anti black riots due to the great migrations, things like chicago riots and new york riots

Marcus Garvey

argued superiority in African race and argued for Africans to leave the country back to Africa→ outrage among whites, and he was deported to Jamaica→ Blacks also outraged due to his deportation

Red Scare and rise of Radicalism

Formation of the Comintern in 1919 and American Communist Party→ communism was not a theory but a regime→ threat of radicalism and stray from american democracy→ communists being blamed for bombings happening in america; conflicts and issues which the GVT could not handle

Palmer Raids

New Years 1920→ American govt orchestrated raids on alleged radicals, over 6000 dead, lots of which were innocent→ outrage.

Trial of Socco and Vanzetti

; italian immigrants charged with murder with very little evidence → due to being “anarchists” they faced an unfair trial and we're sentenced to death unfairly→ widespread protests and anger at the govt for letting this happen

Pro business

during this time america was very pro business, they stopped regulating monopolies and all that, they startyed su;porting business and not unions and all that

Return to normalcy

All these economic, social and political problems stemmed from the progressive reforms and policies of democratic party post WW1; Warren G Harding showed an alternative of ‘normalcy’ or pre WW1. ended progressive era

Radio

new technology which many people had,

Welfare capitalism

Standard of living rose for many workers due to this nw concept in which it had things like shorter work weeks, higher wages and paid vacations. business hoped this would quell unions and it worked as during the 20s unions declined

Average income

still less than what it needed to be

AFL

American Federation of Labor which was labor union only for skilled workers, left out woman and african americans

Pink Collared jobs

Woman we're limited to pink collared jobs which we're thingslike saleswoman, clerks secretaries etc. they we're paid lower than men, woman also worked in jobs that we're exclusively woman

African Americans

Also paid lower working jobs like garbage collectors, janiotrs dishwashers.

A Phillip Randolph

influential civil rights activist who led a union for black people

Alien Land act

further shows nativism as california restricted japanese americans from buying land

Overproduction

Farmers kept overproducing and never stopped until new deal, producing so much that no one wants

Parity

Ensure farmers would get back production costs, vetoed

Consumer culture

emphasis on buying in consumerism, things like appliances

Automobiles

with the rise of henry model t, people could buy automobiles

Suburbs

development of suburbs was possible to do cars, outside of cities and provided a new area

Advertising

the idea of advertising was also booming, advertising their products etc.

Margaret sanger

advocated for birth control

Flappers

Different type of woman with short dresses, smoking, makeup drank and dance.

National womans party

launched for equal rights for woman and men

Education

education increased rapidly during this time more emphasis on education

Lost generation

group of writers who resented this new change who didnt like all of these new changes, criticized middle class values

Harlem Renaissance

Promoted african american culture through arts and music and jazz.

Langston Hughes

wrote a book that focused on the discrimination african americans faced, I am a negro and i'm proud of it

Prohibition

many problems with prohibition, people liked to drink, it put a toll on american economy ue to income tax, many iullegal schemes like al capone, closing of saloons etc weak enforcement too

Emergency Quota Act

restricted immigrants from coming to the united states

Rebirth of KKK

The KKK not only was against blacks but also against immigrantsd such as southern and eastern eurppe birth of the nation was a film made by the kkk which disreespected blacks

Scopes Monkey Trial

really showed fundamantelism vs religious, he was a highschool biology teacher that taught evolution, big supreme court trial in which he lost

teapot dome scandal

scanndal harding was apart of

Calvin Coolidge

vice president who becomes president and practiced laissez faire policies

Andrew Mellon

cuts taxes, government spending etc

Overspeculation

the bull stock market had a sharp increase in the beginning, so a lot of americans decided to use the oppuruntnityn and invested a lot in the stock market, when it crashed it was detrimental black tuesday

Buying on margin

lots of americans also decided to buy on margin, whioch meant they bought stocks using the banks money, so when the stocks fell they had to pay that money back which they couldnt

Causes of depression

only a few big industries such as railroad lack of diversifiaction, if they fell america would be not good.

Unequal distribution of wealth, lots of americans we're still poor.

Everyone was buying things on credit/loans instead of real money

overproduction was still a problem

Dawes Plan

American plan of giving money as loans to germany, germany would use these loans to pay back war reperations to france and britian, and then france and britian would use the money germany gave them to the united states, nothing changed it was the same money going around

Bank crisis

do to all of these things, banks crash, money is lost everything is just a mess

Dust bowl

series of severe dust storms that completely ravaged american agriculture.

African Americans in great depression

even worse for african americans, they we're getting fired and it just wasnt good.

Scostboro trial

two white woman accused a group of 9 boys for rape, no evdience but they we're put to jail. Really highlighted the unfair inequalities.

Woman in great depression

pressured not to work, if men we're working. But stil didnt stop them cause they n eeded the money

Retreat from consumerism

the depression made a retreat from consumerism, so birth rates and all o f that and spending dropped

Minorities

japanese and hispanics we're hurt a lot too

Self Blame

lots of men we're hopeless and sad due to the depression, they blamed themselved, blames not able to provide and deserted

Radio

things like fireside talks with FDR and many more we're important, americans could get news and it was one of their only few hopes.

Volunteerism

Hoover did this in stuff like his canal, which he urged volunteers to work on projects and believe government spending would be good, but ultimately it wasnt a d put america more in debt

Hawley Smoot Tariff

tariff on european and foreign goods, but this high tariff means europeput high tariff on us goods as well, and if prices of europe increases that means american good prices increase as well, so ultimately it just wasnt good for either side.

Hoovervilles

Name for shanty bad towns developed due to hoover,

Reconstruction finance corporation

Wanted to provide loans and money to banks railroads and business but it failed

FDR Elecion

FDR is elected in the middle of a banking crisis, but he is still confident

Bank Holiday

FDR closed all banks to calm american fears

Emergency Banking act

government must inspect banks before they reopen

21st amendment

repealed prohibition

AAA/Agriculture Adjustment Act

paid farmers to not grow crops in order to combat overproduction

National industry recovery act

created the national administration/ national industry recovery which set minimum age and maximum hours, better employment also gave rights to labor unions

Schecter vs US

declared NIRA unconstitutional and repealed everything which effectivley ended the first new deal

Public works administration

provided industry recovery and unemployment relief, it built public works such as dams etc

Tennessee valley authority

gave hydroelectric power in the tennessee valley, this helped electrical monopolies and gave more jobs

Glass steagall act

Set up FDIC, Federal deposit insurance corporation which guranteed safe money in banks, reform

Truth in securities of Act

could not lie about stocks, can't sugar coat it

Securities and exchange commission

Regulated the stock market, reform

Civil Works Administration

Provided temporary jobs during the harsh winterd

Civilian Conservative corps

government camps for young men and did things out door such as firefighting reforestign etc, relief

Townshend

Appealed to senior citizens, had a plan for pensions for senior citizens, provided money but they had to spend it

Coughlin

wanted to change the banking system, wanted to nationalize the banks

Long

had the “sharing to wealth plan” wanted to redistribute the wealth by taxing the wealthy and giving it to the poorer people

Wagner Act

helped labors by giving the right to bargain and gave the right for unions such as strikes

Social Security Act

Provided unemployment insurance and money for senior citizens

Works Progress administration

spent lots of money on building bridges, roads and put a lot of people to work

FDR and the Supreme Court

Supreme court overturned so much of FDRs policies, so FDR had the idea he could appoint judges that turn above 70, supreme court didnt like this cause of the fear of dictatorship

Fair Labor standards act

minimum wage and a 40 hour work week

African americans and the new deal

African americans still gained little rights, there was still segregation and they we're left out of the new deal

Indian reorganization act

reversed the dawes act and gave indians more land