Chemical Nomenclature Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering chemical nomenclature definitions, polyatomic and monoatomic ions, chemical formula types, binary and ternary compounds, and acids based on the lecture notes.

Cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses an electron.

Anion

A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains an electron.

Monoatomic ion

An ion that is made up of only one atom.

Polyatomic ion

An ion that is made up of more than one type of atom.

$-ic$ suffix (cations)

Suffix added to the Latin-derived name of a cation with the higher charge when an element can form two ions of different charges.

$-ous$ suffix (cations)

Suffix added to the Latin-derived name of a cation with the lower charge when an element can form two ions of different charges.

$-ide$ suffix

Suffix used to modify the name of monoatomic anions and several polyatomic anions.

$$Fe^{2+}$$

Ferrous ion or iron(II) ion.

$$Fe^{3+}$$

Ferric ion or iron(III) ion.

$$OH^-$$

Hydroxide ion.

$$CN^-$$

Cyanide ion.

$-ate$ suffix (oxyanions)

Suffix used for polyatomic oxygen-containing anions that have a greater number of oxygen atoms.

$-ite$ suffix (oxyanions)

Suffix used for polyatomic oxygen-containing anions that have a lesser number of oxygen atoms.

$$NO_3^-$$

Nitrate ion.

$$NO_2^-$$

Nitrite ion.

$$SO_4^{2-}$$

Sulfate ion.

$$SO_3^{2-}$$

Sulfite ion.

$$PO_4^{3-}$$

Phosphate ion.

$$C_2H_3O_2^-$$

Acetate ion.

$$C_2O_4^{2-}$$

Oxalate ion.

Molecular formula

A chemical formula that gives the composition of a molecule in terms of the actual number of atoms present.

Empirical formula

A chemical formula that gives the composition of a molecule in terms of the smallest ratio of the number of atoms present.

Binary compounds

Chemical compounds made up of two elements.

Molecular compounds

Compounds made up of two non-metals, which are usually gases.

Ternary compounds

Chemical compounds made up of three elements.

Acids

Substances that yield hydrogen ions in aqueous solutions.

Binary acids

Acids composed of hydrogen and another element (usually a nonmetal), named using the prefix hydro-, the root element name modified by -ic, and the word acid.

Ternary acids

Acids made up of hydrogen and an anion (usually containing oxygen), named using the root word of the element modified by -ic or -ous, plus the word acid.