RIM 3010- Final:Test 3

what is the microphone dBu level?

-60 dBu

Professional line level is?

+4 dBu

Gain Structure is?

The audio levels at different points in the signal flow

Signal Flow

The path the audio takes through the audio chain

The function of the pan pot could be to?

Vary the relative gain being being fed to both slides of a set of speakers.

An audio bus is a?

A common signal path

A Pot is?

A potentiometer

A fold back system..........?

Routes the signal to headphone monitors

AFL and PFL are associated with the console?

Solo system

The location where all devices in the studio can be interconnected is called the?

Patch bay or Jack field

Look at symbol for an amplifier

Look at symbol for "a switch"

Given a console that is marketed as being a 48 X 8 X 2 console, how many inputs does the console have?

48

The layout of analog patch bays typically has ........... over ...........

Outputs, inputs

What is the recording console's first gain stage?

Microphone preamp

This is the technical term (wiring term) used to describe a patch point that automatically connects an output to an input without using patch cables?

Normalled

This type of cable wiring is used in professional audio systems because it helps reject noise

balanced

When creating a headphone mix, you want your auxiliary sends to be set as.............. so that they are independent of the console fader.

pre-fader

You would use this connection point on the console to add an external compressor to the signal chain.

Insert

The most common professional microphone connector is called a?

XLR plug

balanced inputs have what advantage over unbalanced inputs?

CMR noise rejection

To connect an electric guitar directly into a console preamplifier you need a?

DI Box

An unbalanced Cable is

high impedance

Most budget mixers as well as home stereos have this kind of EQ for the treble and bass

Shelving

Filters are usually identified by?

Cut of frequency

All analog EQ's and many digital EQ's create........ when used?

Phase Shift

Parametric means that these qualities on an EQ are variable?

Level, frequency and "Q"

What control on a compressor tells it how much to attenuate the output?

Compression ratio

The side chain input on a compressor might also be called the?

Key input

An expander is normally used in the studio to?

Control noise and leakage

A compression ratio is a ratio of?

input to output

A threshold control of a compressor/limiter?

Sets the dB level above which compression will begin to be applied

If a compressor threshold is set at 0 dB and the compression ratio at 2:1 an input signal os +12 dB would produce and output at?

+6 dB

A time processor effect replicating an instrument playing the same part over again is known as?

ADT

Which of the following best describes the flanging effect?

A shifting comb filter with harmonically related null points.

Spring reverb is known for its?

"Twangy", sound

An echo chamber?

Creates natural sounding reverberation

The decay time of a reverb is measured......

As how long it takes the initial sound to decay 60 dB

This type of reverb device uses an electromechanical transducer to create a vibration in a large piece of sheet metal.

plate

What brought about the need for developing and applying artificial reverb?

Close mixing and multi-tracking

The more reverb effect used on an instrument signal.......

The further away that instrument sounds

Review: Two prong XLR connector:

Low impedance

low voltage and potentially high current

High impedance

low current and potentially high voltage

A connector used on microphones unbalanced

XLR connectors

Review: 1/4" TRS connector (What it looks like)

Review: TT- "Tiny Telephone" connector (What it looks like)

Review: 1/4" phone or TS connector (What it looks like)

Review: What is slope, (6 dB per octave on graph)

 for each octave (doubling of frequency) above 4000 Hz, the level of frequencies will be diminished by an additional 6 dB.

Voltage

The amount of work required in moving one \n electric charge from one point to the other.

Current

The amount of charge passing through the \n circuit in unit time.

Resistance

The opposition offered by the flow of \n current in the circuit.

Power:

The product of work done and the number of \n electrons passing through the circuit in unit time. Watt \n is the unit

the 4 basic units of electricity are

volts, amps, \n ohms, and watts.

What is the formula for power

10log (P1/P2)

1 Watt to 2 Watts

10 x log 2W/1W

10 x log 2

10 x .3

3

a doubling of power yields a

3 dB increase

What is the formula for Voltage

20log (V1/V2)

double of voltage (pressure)

6 dB increase

Doubling the distance

DECREASES the Sound \n Pressure Level by 6 dB

Halving the distance

INCREASES the Sound \n Pressure Level by 6 dB.

dBm

Power Reference

dBu

Voltage Reference

dBFS

Digital Audio

dB SPL

Acoustical sound pressure level

Analogs

Digital

Nyquist frequency

(highest frequency \n to be recorded

The most common system for analog to digital conversion

PCM - Pulse Code Modulation

Sampling frequency determines

Bandwidth

Bit Depth determines

Dynamic Range

Violation of Nyquist’s law

(having audio \n frequencies above ½ the sampling frequency) \n results in the creation of alias waves.

Time interval names

Nyquist rate, sampling frequency, sampling rate

What is used to prevent incorrect sampling of frequencies

Anti-Aliasing Filter(High cut filter)

What is the analog version of anti-aliasing filter

Brick wall analog filter

What is the process of converting analog to digital 0101010001

Quantization

What is digital word length

Bit Depth

Binary numbers

01001011

Formula to find The number of bits per second or bit rate

Bit depth multiplied by the sampling frequency

What is a Rounding error in bits

Quantizing error (Noise)

Large errors are concealed using

Interpolation

If an error cants be corrected what happens

It will be concealed

Jitter

Error in timing of the sampling

How can you reduce a jitter

The use of a master time clock

digital audio interface will provide two or more \n inputs and outputs, in analog and/or digital (

S/PDIF, \n AES/EBU, ADAT, TOSlink, TDIF, etc.) formats.

What does digital signal processing allow

provides for the ability \n to adjust levels, do equalization, dynamic \n processing, create special effects, edit ,and mix \n digital audio data

Native DSP use

the processing power of the DAW’s \n host computer (MAC or PC

Non-Native DSP use

the processing power of an \n external processing unit (ex. Pro Tools HDX, UAD-2 \n Powered Plug-ins)

Rex files

loops are created in ReCycle by beat slicing.

Looping

The basic idea behind groove-based tools rests with \n tempo matching

dynamic range of \n most pro analog devices

\+24 dBu

Consumer line \n level

\-10 dBV

Dynamic range

the ranges, in dB, between the lowest \n amplitude and the highest amplitude sound

Thermal noise

always present in electrical \n circuits

Diaphragm noise

\

in microphones

Electrostatic and electromagnetic noise

noise \n picked up by cables, circuits, and during radio \n transmission)

dynamic range is limited at \n the loud end by harmonic distortion. What is this called?

Overload

\
When the signal level tries to exceed the \n maximum level the overload occurs. This is called?

Clipping (Harmonic Distortion)

signal to noise ratio is the number of dBs \n between the noise level and specified line or \n reference level

usually +4 dBu

Pro line level of +4 dBu will equal

0 VU

Reason for audio meters

In order for the engineer to know where the \n audio signal is in relation to the dynamic range