Nursing week 2 notes 9/3/26. Health Care Delivery, Levels of Care, and Disease Prevention

Vocabulary flashcards reviewing healthcare delivery systems, levels of care, health equity, illness classification, risk factors, and levels of disease prevention.

Medicare

A government health financing program for individuals over 65 years old, or younger individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or other debilitating diseases, using Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) for payment.

Medicaid

A government health financing program for individuals with income below the poverty level, including pregnant persons, children, and persons with disabilities, with benefits differing by state.

Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs)

A reimbursement system in which health care payments are based on a client's particular illness or disease.

Health Equity

The attainment of the highest level of health for all people.

Health Disparity

A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental differences.

Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)

Conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks.

Primary Level of Care

Care focused on health promotion and illness prevention, provided by primary care physicians (PCPs) or nurse practitioners (NPs) through routine visits and screenings.

Secondary Level of Care

Care focused on early detection and intervention, involving specialized outpatient and inpatient acute care services.

Tertiary Level of Care

Restorative and rehabilitative care for complex treatments, provided in settings such as skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and long-term acute care hospitals (LTACHs).

Quaternary Care

An extension of tertiary care that involves experimental medicine and highly specialized, uncommon procedures.

Illness-Wellness Continuum

A model measuring health status on a scale from 0 to 10, ranging from premature death to high-level wellness, passing through poor health, a neutral comfort zone (false wellness), and good health.

Acute Illness

A sudden and severe health issue that generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and is often of short duration.

Chronic Illness

A long-developing syndrome that persists for a prolonged period, characterized by a slow onset, potential periods of remission and exacerbation, and irreversible alterations in normal state.

Modifiable Risk Factors

Health and injury risk factors that a person can change, such as body weight, salt intake, smoking, and exercise.

Nonmodifiable Risk Factors

Health and injury risk factors that cannot be changed, such as age, biological sex, genetics, and ethnicity.

Primary Prevention

Interventions directed toward promoting health and preventing diseases or injury from occurring in a general or susceptible population (e.g., immunizations, lifestyle modifications).

Secondary Prevention

Interventions focused on screening tests for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment to decrease disease severity.

Tertiary Prevention

Interventions implemented after an illness is diagnosed and treated to decrease complications, morbidity, mortality, and disability (e.g., adjuvant cancer therapy).

Quaternary Prevention

Interventions designed to protect patients from excessive or unnecessary medical interventions that cause more harm than benefit (e.g., discontinuation of a drug due to adverse effects).

HCAHPS

Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems; a standardized survey instrument used to evaluate and measure patient satisfaction with hospital care.