Bio Quiz 1 study materials

evolution

organisms adaptions to environment/ process of change over time

evolution is a

fundamental principle of bio and core theme

biology

scientific study of life

reductionism

an approach

cell

smallest unit or organization than can perform all activities for life

actions of organisms are based on

cell activity

eukaryotic cell

contains membrane- enclosed organelles of eukaryotic cell

some organelles found in ?

eukaryotic cells

organelles

DNa with nucleus

Prokaryotic cells lacks

nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles

Organ

body part made up of multiple tissues and has specie functions in body

within each tissue of an organ

has a distinct arrangement and contributes particular properties to organ function

tissue

a group of cells that work together performing a specialized function

cells

life’s fundamental unit of structure and function

organells

various functional components present in cells like Chloroplast

molecule

chemical structure consisting of 2 or more atoms

Chlorophyll

pigment that makes leaf green

in cells are

DNA

DNA

deoxyribonucleic acid

Genes

transmitted from parents

Sequence of nucleotides along a gene is

transcribed into mRNA

Chain protein building blocks (amino acids)

forms specific protein with unique shape/function

gene expression

Genome

library of genetic instructions than an organism inherits

Prokaryotic organisms

Bacteria, Archaea

Eukaryotic cells

Eukaryoa

Evolution groups take a

tree like form

Science

a way of knowing and approach to understanding the natural world and developed out of curiosity

deductive reasoning

log that flows in opposite direction

general-specific

the biosphere and everything on it can be reduced down to

proteins

medical careers change

biochemistry of organism

Cells are the

smallest unit of life

things smaller than a cell

aren’t alive

why are viruses not alive

because they need something to reproduce

To be alive you have to be able to

reproduce

Genetic material =

DNA

What does DNA do after it gets transferred from parent to offspring?

Provided instructions for making proteins

regulating production for RNA

Is DNA a structure

no it codes for proteins

Proteins

do work in the cell (structure)

histone wraps around molecules

What does life require

the expression and transmission of genetic info

chemical reaction

reaction in cell to perform a task

Can we survive without energy

no

Where do humans get out energy

from the food we eat

we do not made our own energy

Without energy from the sun, what would happen to Earth?

we would lose heat and lose energy

what drives chain of energy

plants and photosynthesis

What is responsible for both the unity and diversity of life

evolution

Organisms are

diverse and connected through evolutionary history

3 domains of life

domain bacteria- makes people sick

domains archaea-doesn’t make people sick, ocean w/ geothermal heat

domain eukarya

What relates to function

Form

What something looks like corresponds to its job

A proteins shape is perfect for what

binding molecules

Natural selection

survival of the fittest

form is acted on by this

What can select a specific physical form

press of environment

Natural section is a process; what is that process

Genes/DNA makes proteins

Proteins do stuff

produce traits

Cells use ? to complete jobs

chemistry

What are the 3 parts of an atom and their charge?

proton- +

neutron- none

electron- -

Protons and electrons give

charge and size

Protons, neutrons and electrons are located where

protons and neutrons are in the nucleus

electrons are smaller and in a could around nucleus

the nucleus is a

small part of electron space

electrons

haze around properties with line

elements have the same number of

protons and electrons but electrons can be gained or lost

the periodic table describes how many ? are in each element

protons

Atomic nucleus is located at the

center

mass number

number of protons and neutrons

atomic number

number of protons

number of neutrons

mass number- atomic number

elements

substance that cannot be broken down further

compound

substance consisting of 2 or more difference elements combined in a fixed ration

isotopes

different atomic forms of same element

energy

potential to cause change

potential energy

energy that matter possesses

matter has the tendency to move towards

the lowest possible state of potential energy

How is the chemical behavior of an atom determined

by the distribution of electrons in atoms electron shell

strongest type of chemical bonds are

covalent

ionic in dry ionic compounds (weak in aqueous)

covalent bond

sharing of a pair of valence electrons by 2 atoms

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds constitutes a

molecule

bonding capacity

valence shell

number of protons equals

element

1st shell

2 elections

smallest shell

2nd and 3rd shell

8 electrons

each shell corresponds with

row of periodic table

electrons are happy in

pairs

atoms are stable with a

full outside shell/ valence shell

why do most atoms interact with each other

because they want full electron shells

want so space

bond

when 2 atoms interact

everything happens in a cell due to

bonds

2 types of bonds

covalent (polar, non-polor)

non covalent

covalent bonds

when 2 atoms have unpaired electrons,

then they share electrons between 2 atoms and form a permanent bond

when a bond is made a ? is formed

molecule (2 or more atoms held by covalent bonds)

non polar bonds

equal sharing of electrons

same elements

elements of same charge

polarity

one size is different than the other

Earth is an example due to axis

Polar

unequal sharing

both want interaction but one takes more than other

one atom is bigger in ability to soak electrons

not same elements

electronegative

takes more electrons for itself

creates polar bond

delta symbolizes

partial charge

things are more electronegative if

closer to full valence shell

smaller element

Why are smaller atoms more electronegative

They take up less space, have a smaller mass, close to center and want a full shell first

what direction is increasing in electronegativity on the periodic table

right across and up

Order of least electronegative elements

h,c<N<O

Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen make up ?% of us

96

examples of non-covalent bonds

ionic

hydrogen

Van Der Waals interactions

non-covalent bonds are

non electron sharing

ionic bonds

one atom donates whole election to another

donating atom has ion 2 in valence shell

result=atoms with charge

cations

positive charge