Pharm Anti fungals and disinfectants/antiseptics

What two forms are anti-fungal infections classified as?

Either topical (superficial), or systemic.

The 4 classes of Antifungal drugs

Polyene, Imidazole, Antimetabolic, and superficial agents.

Another name for anti-fungals

Antimycotics

What is the common Polyene antifungal?

Nystatin

What is Nystatin (Polyene antifungals) used for?

Treating dogs and cats with candidiasis infections of the skin, mucous membranes, and intestinal tract.

Common products with nystatin in them (Polyene Antifungals)

Animax, Dermalome, and Panalog ointments.

Two most common used drugs in the Imidazole Antifungals

Ketoconazole and Miconazole.

What forms does Miconazoles come in?

Miconazoles: Cream (Conofite lotion, (Monisat (human label), or oral.

What forms does Ketaconazole come in?

Oral: Nizoral tabs or cream. and topically

What is the most commonly available systemic imidazole used in vet med?

Itraconazole

What is Itraconazole used for?

Ocular fungal infections

Itraconazole brand name

Sporanox (human)

Antimetabolic antifungal drug

Flucytosine (Ancobon)

Superficial antifungal drug

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin)

Are there any veterinary approved Antiviral drugs?

No, only human approved are used.

What are antivirals most used for?

To treat optic viral infections and non-neoplastic FeLV disease.

What drug us used to treat non-neoplastic FeLV?

Roferon-A

What is a human anti-viral used on animals?

Acyclovir

What antiviral is used for HIV and FIV patients?

Zidovudine (AZT)

What is Zidovudine (AZT) used for?

HIV and FIV.

What are disinfectants

chemicals used to destroy or inactivate microorganisms found on inanimate objects. Usually needs to sit for a period of time for max strength.

What are antiseptics?

Used on live tissue to destroy microorganisms.

What are alcohols for?

Bactericidal, and active against some viruses. Not sporicidal or fungicidal. Good for disinfection of thermometers instruments, and spot skin disinfection.

What are two Halides?

Chlorines and Iodines.

What are Chlorines used for/category?

Halide. Floors, plumbing fixtures, spot disinfections, and fabrics that aren’t harmed by bleaching.

What is the most common form of Chlorines

Sodium hypochlorite = Clorox bleach.

Disadvantages of Chlorines

Fumes may irritate eyes and mucous membranes. Irritation to skin if not rinsed off.

What are iodines used for/what category

Halide. Mainly skin preparations. But can be used for disinfection of utensils, rubber goods, and dishes.

What are some common forms of iodines?

Betadine Surgical scrub, Providone solution.

What is the most common Biguanide compound disinfectant?

Chlorhexidine.

What is Chlorhexidine?

It is a Biguanide Compound. Bactericidal, fungicidal, and good for enveloped viruses (FIP or. FeLV).

Common forms of Chlorhexidine

Nolvasan solution or scrub.

Aldehydes: Glutaraldehyde

High level disinfecting agent with a wide spectrum of activity.

Glutaraldehyde category/what is it mainly used on?

Aldehyde. Mainly used on equipment that can’t be sterilized.

Brand name of Glutaraldehyde

Cidex

What are some Oxidizing Agents

Hydrogen Peroxide, Peroxymonosulfate (Trifectant), K+ Permangate. (Foamy)

What are the Phenols

Lysol, Pine oil (Pinesol), Triclosan

What are the Phenols used for?

Mainly Gram + used as disinfectants. Can be damaging to tissues.

Qauternary Ammonium: Cationic Detergents/ use

Used widely in vet med. Good for Gram + bacteria, and is bacteriostatic at high dilutions. Not used as an antiseptic.

What are relatively resistant to Cationic Detergents?

Spores, viruses, mycobacteria.

What is the most common Cationic Detergent product?

Roccal-D plus.

What is Ethylene Oxide

A gas used to sterilize products in a gasser machine not suitable for autoclave steam sterilization.

What kind of items are normally gassed?

Things that would melt in an autoclave. Blankets, instruments, with lenses, rubber goods, plastics, books, and papers.

What is the danger of Ethylene Oxide?

It is a carcinogen. Needs to be well ventilated and not exposed to lungs or skin or will burn.